Judaism beliefs ALL SECTIONS - Religious Education B Paper 2

Revision cards for GCSE AQA Religious Studies B - Paper 2, Judaism Beliefs 

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Where is the belief in God as one expressed in Judaism?
The Shema; an important Jewish prayer formed from the passages in Deuteronomy and Numbers. Begins with ‘Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone...’
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What does God as one mean?
God is a single, whole, and indivisible being and everything in the universe has been created + is sustained by this one God, he is the source of all morality , beliefs and values so should be the only being worshipped
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Why do Jews believe God is the creator and sustainer?
In the Tekinah, the first section is called the Torah and includes the story of Gensisis where God created everything in 6 days. God also provides all the resources life needs on earth so in this way, he is the sustainer also
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What are some different Jewish views on the Creation story? (Genesis)
Many Orthodox and Ultra-orthodox Jews believe the events in Genesis literally happened about 6000yrs ago. They might reject scientific theories such as evolution. Other Jews might interpret genesis less literally and accept the universe is much older + ha
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What do Jews believe God must be like to have the power to create everything? (Keywords)
Omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent
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What is the belief about the creation of evil in Judaism?
God created everything,so he must have also created evil however the existence of evil is considered to be a consequence of free will; the act of choosing good is what makes free will significant- to exercise free will, there must be the choice of evil
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Give a quote to express the belief that God is the one creator of everything, including evil
‘I am the Lord and there is no one else, i form light and create darkness, i make weal and create woe- I, the Lord do all these things’ - Isiah 45:6-7
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How many laws are there in the Torah?
There are 613 laws, these are called the Mitzvot and form the basis of the Halakah (code of conduct for Jewish life)
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What are the first 10 mitzvot?
The 10 commandments
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How and when do Jews believe God judges them/Acts as a judge?
Jews believe God judges them for how well they follow the mitzvot based on their actions, behaviour and beliefs. Judgment occurs at 2 times; Rosh Hashanah and after death
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What is the divine presence called/known as and what is it thought of as?
The Shekinah is the presence of God on earth. Jewish writings of the Shekinah express how God was experienced by early Jews; The tabernacle was considered to house this divine presence as well as (after Canaan was conquered) Solomons’ Temple in Jerusalem
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What was the significance of the Tabernacle and Solomons’ Temple for early Jews?
The Tabernacle was a portable temple, similar in structure to a tent, that Jews carried with them on their journey to Canaan. Solomons’ temple was the centre of Jewish worship at the time and several prophets experienced the Shekinah in the temple
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What scripture makes reference to the Shekinah in Solomons’ Temple?
Isiah 6:1-2; ‘In the year that king Uzziah died, i beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne; and the skirts of his robe filled the temple...’
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What symbol of God were Jews led by on their journey to Canaan?
A pillar of fire or a cloud which demonstrates his power and glory
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What are some Jewish views/teachings on life after death?
Most Jews are not focused on life after death, but more so on living in a way that pleases God in their lifetime, some believe in Heaven or Sheol as well as beliefs on judgement and resurrection
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What are beliefs on Heaven and Sheol?
There is no clear teaching about what heaven is like- it’s thought of being in a state with God, whether that is physical/spiritual. Some Jews believe in Sheol- a place of waiting for souls that do not go to heaven are cleansed (Jews do NOT believe in ete
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What are beliefs on Judgement and resurrection?
Some Jews believe they will be judged straight after death, this is supported by Ecclesiastes 12:7
Others say everyone will be judged by God on the day of judgement after the coming of the Messiah, this is supported by Daniel 12:2
Some believe in spiritua
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What does the word ‘Messiah’ mean and where does it originate from?
Messiah means ‘the anointed one’ and is used today, to refer to the future leader of the Jews. It was originally used in the Tekinah to refer to the kings of Israel
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What is the nature of the Messiah and what will he do in the future? (Orthodox Jewish belief)
The Messiah is to be a future king of Israel and lead the Jews during the Messianic age, he will rule over humanity with kindness and justice, uphold + teach the law in the Torah and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem to gather all to Jerusalem
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What is the Messianic age?
A time in the future of global peace and harmony, where everyone will want to become closer to God and the Messiah will rule
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What are some Orthodox views about the Messiah?
Orthodox Jews believe that there is a descendent of king David in every generation who has the potential to become the Messiah, If the Jews are worthy of redemption, the person will be directed by God to become the new Messiah. A
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What are some reform Jewish views about the Messiah?
Reform Jews may reject the idea of the Messiah as one person who will bring about the Messianic age, but teach that everyone has to work as a collective to bring peace and harmony to the world
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What is the promised land?
The land of Canaan, where God made a covenant to Abraham and the Jews.
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What is a covenant and what covenant did God make to Abraham/the Jews?
A covenant is an agreement/promise between God and an individual person which is made on behalf of the rest of all Jews. God promised to make Abraham a father of many nations, and so he made it possible for his wife, Sarah to give birth to Isaac, marking
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What was required of Abraham to make the covenant with God?
To agree to ‘walk in my ways and be blameless’ - Genesis 17:1
This covenant was sealed through the act of circumcision
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What was the Covenant at Sinai?
The covenant between God and Moses, who represented to Jewish people. This was when Moses was given the 10 commandments and required to follow Gods laws’ in return for his protection + blessing
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What do the Ten Commandments form?
The basis of the Covenant at Sinai, where God promised to protect Jews from harm + be their God in return, Jews must follow the 10 laws in order to create a peaceful society and have a loving relationship with God
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What are the Key moral principles in Judaism?
Justice, Healing the world and Kindness to others
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What does Justice refer to?
Bringing about what is right and fair, according to the Law as well as making up for any wrongs that are committed. This is a sacred duty for Jews as seen in the Torah stated by the prophet Micah, God requires people; ‘to do justice and to love goodness’
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What does Healing the world refer to?
Taking actions to help God’s work in sustaining the world (links to Gods role as creator + sustainer)
Jews should contribute to social justice or help to protect the environment to display this concept, as well as obeying the laws in the Mitzvot to become
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What does kindness to others refer to?
Showing positive, caring actions towards all living things, the Torah gives guidance to Jews on how to care for others and teaches to ‘love your fellow as yourself’ - Leviticus 19:18
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What does the sanctity of life refer to?
The belief that all life is holy and sacred because it has been created by God, his role as creator means only he has the right to take life away
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What is the Jewish view on euthanasia?
Because of the belief in the sanctity of life, Jews should not do anything to quicken a persons’ natural death- euthanasia is thought of as going against this moral
However Jews also believe that a patients death shouldn’t be prolonged if they are in pain
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What is a quote that expresses the importance of the Sancitiy of life?
‘He who destroys one soul of a human being...should destroy a whole world’ - Sanhedrin 4:5
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What is the meaning of Pikuach Nefesh?
The concept of Pikuach Nefesh links to the concept of the sanctity of life as it is the belief that all Jews have the duty to save a persons life if they can, even if by doing so breaks Jewish laws.
This emphasises how valuable human life is to Jews- an
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What is free will described as by Jews?
Jews believe God has given all people the gift of free will; the ability to make their own decisions which result in bringing them closer/further away from God, but make the act of choosing good significant
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What is a Mitzvah?
A Jewish rule or commandment, there are 613 in the Torah and the rest are in the Talamud. The Mitzvot give guidance to Jews on how to use their free will correctly, to live their life in a way that pleases God
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Explain the meaning of Mitzvot between man and God
These Mitzvot tell Jews how they can improve their relationship with God and it covers areas such as worship, sacrifice, and the observance of festivals (most important are the first 4 of the 10 commandments)
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Explain the meaning of Mitzvot between man and man
These Mitzvot tell Jews how to improve their relationship with other people, this is important as the Torah teaches that Jews should show love to everyone as it shows their love for God
This covers areas such as treatment of workers and settling disputes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does God as one mean?

Back

God is a single, whole, and indivisible being and everything in the universe has been created + is sustained by this one God, he is the source of all morality , beliefs and values so should be the only being worshipped

Card 3

Front

Why do Jews believe God is the creator and sustainer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are some different Jewish views on the Creation story? (Genesis)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do Jews believe God must be like to have the power to create everything? (Keywords)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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