Jewish key terms

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Bar mitzvah
the rite of passage for boys whereby they become full members of the religion of Judaism who are able to read and interpret the Torah
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Bat Mitzvah
Bat mitzvah is Hebrew for “daughter of commandment.” When a Jewish girl turns 12, she has all the rights and obligations of a Jewish adult, including the commandments of the Torah
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Ashkenazi
Jews whose traditions originated in central and eastern Europe
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circumcision
the cutting of the foreskin of the penis as a sign of the covenant of Abraham
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diaspora
the dispersion of a religious people outside their geographic homeland, where they must live as a minority among others
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dual Torah
the scriptures of a Rabbinic Judaism, composed of the written Torah (Tanak) and the oral Torah (Talmud)
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Gemara
commentary on the oral Torah, recorded in the Mishnah
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gentile
anyone not Jewish
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halakhah
the commandments of God revealed in the Tanak and commented on in the Talmud; the word means "to walk in the way of God by obeying his commands or laws"
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haredim
Jewish ultra,Orthodox movements that reject all modernist forms of Judaism
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Hasidism
a form of Judaism emerging in the eighteenth century, focused on the piety and joy, with strong roots in Jewish mysticism
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Israel
either Jews as a religious people or that land and state of Israel, depending on the context
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Kabbalah
Jewish mysticism: the most important Kabbalistic work is the Zohar; for Kabbalists, God is the En Sof, the limitless or infinite, who manifests himself in the world through his Shekinah, or "divine presence" in all things; the reunion of all with the
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kosher
what is suitable or fit, used specifically in reference to foods permitted by Jewish dietary laws
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Marranos
the Jews of Spain who were forced to convert to Christianity during the Inquisition but secretly continued to practice their faith
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Mishnah
book in which the oral Torah is recorded
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mitzvot
the commandments of God requiring deeds of loving kindness
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Rabbinic
a rabbi is a teacher; the name came to designate the Judaism of the dual Torah created by the Pharisees, which came to be normative in the premodern period
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Sephardic Jews
Jews whose traditions originated in Spain and Portugal
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Shema
the essential declaration of monotheistic faith as found in Judaism: "Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One"
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synagogue
a community centered on the study of the Torah and prayer to God; the buildings used to house these activities also came to be known as synagogues
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Talmud
the oral Torah; there are two Talmuds: the Bavli (Talmud of Babylonia) and the Yerushalmi (the Jerusalem Talmud); the former is considered the more comprehensive and authoritative
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Tanak
the written Torah, or Hebrew Bible, made up of the Torah (the first five books from Genesis to Deuteronomy), Neviim (the prophets and historical writings such as Jeremiah and I and II Kings), and Ketuvim (the wisdom writings, suchs as Proverbs, Job,
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Tannaim
the generation of sages, beginning with Hillel and Shammai, that created the Mishnah
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temple
a place to worship God; in Judaism only one temple was allowed for the worship of God in Jerusalem, whereas each Jewish community would have a synagogue for study and prayers
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Tisha B'Av
a day of mourning to commemorate tragedies affecting the Jewish people, particularly the fal of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem
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Tzaddik
in the Hassidic tradition, a "righteous man," as powerful as the rabbi in a traditional Talmudic community, bu revered for mystical piety and devotion, not Talmudic scholarship. For the Hasidim, the Tzaddik was especially chosen by God as a direct l
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Zionism
the desire to return to the land of Israel as a homeland; in modern times, the secular movement started by Theodor Herzl that led to the formation of the state of Israel
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Zohar
major book of Jewish Kabbalism: The Book of Splendor
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Bat mitzvah is Hebrew for “daughter of commandment.” When a Jewish girl turns 12, she has all the rights and obligations of a Jewish adult, including the commandments of the Torah

Back

Bat Mitzvah

Card 3

Front

Jews whose traditions originated in central and eastern Europe

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the cutting of the foreskin of the penis as a sign of the covenant of Abraham

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the dispersion of a religious people outside their geographic homeland, where they must live as a minority among others

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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