introduction to pain

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define pain
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
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what does pain prevent
serious damage
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what does pain teach
what to avoid
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what can pain do if it is in the joints
limits activity, so no permanent damage can occur
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what is congenital analgesia
condition where a person can't feel physical pain
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what is episodic analgesia
someone with serious injury(lost limb) and little pain is felt
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what is the 1st characteristic of episodic analgesia
condition has no relationship to severity/location of the injury.
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what is the 2nd characteristic of episodic analgesia
No simple relationship to circumstances - occurs in battle or at home.
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what is the 3rd characteristic of episodic analgesia
Victim fully aware of injury but feels no pain
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what is the 4th characteristic of episodic analgesia
Analgesia is instantaneous, lasts for limited time and localised
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what is somatic pain
pain Localised in skin, soft tissue, muscles, and bones
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how is somatic pain caused
activation of pain receptors in body surface
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characteristics of somatic pain
Achy, Throbbing, Dull
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what is visceral pain
pain in internal areas of body enclosed in a cavity (liver)
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what are the characteristics of visceral pain
Squeezing, Cramping, Dull, Deep
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what is neuropathic pain
pain from damage to the peripheral nervous system or the (CNS), or both
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what are the characteristics of neuropathic pain
Burning Shooting Tingling
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what are the 2 main categories of pain
acute and chronic
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what is acute pain
relatively brief sensation, usually less than six months
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what is the purpose of acute pain
forms the basis for danger warnings
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how long does chronic pain last
more than 6 months
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how is the body affected by chronic pain
pain begins to impair other functions
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how can chronic pain affect the patient behaviour
difficulty sleeping, depression, lifestyle changes
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what are the three categories of chronic pain
CHRONIC recurrent pain, intractable-benign pain and progressive pain
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what is Chronic recurrent pain
benign condition consisting of intense pain alternating with pain-free periods.
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what are examples of Chronic recurrent pain
migraine, tension headaches, endometriosis
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what is Chronic intractable-benign pain
benign condition where pain is persistent with NO pain free periods
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Example of Chronic intractable-benign pain
low back pain
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what is chronic progressive pain
malignant condition where pain is continuous and increases in intensity as the disease worsens
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examples of chronic progressive pain
cancer rheumatoid arthritis
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what physical conditions make pain worse
extent and nature of injury
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what emotional states makes pain worse
anxiety, depression and tension
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what cognitive states makes pain worse
focusing on the pain
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what physical conditions reduce pain
medication and counter stimulation (massage)
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what emotional state reduce pain
optimism, relaxation and stress
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what mental state reduces pain
distraction
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how is pain assessed
Visual Analog Scales and McGill pain questionnaire
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what is the first thing you ask someone with a headache
where and intensity of pain
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what is the second thing you ask someone with a headache
how long has the pain lasted for
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what is the thirdthing you ask someone with a headache
what are the triggers, what calms the pain down
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what is the fourth thing you ask someone with a headache
any other medical conditions, drug and family history
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what is the % commonality of getting tension headaches
80-90%
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what is the % commonality of getting migraine
10%
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what is a sinus headache
behind brow/cheekbone
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what is a tension headache
like band squeezing head
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what is a migraine headache
pain, nausea and visual changes
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how long do tension headaches last
30 mins to 7 days
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what are some features of tension headaches
Bilateral location (in two places), Mild intensity and not aggravated by physical activity
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what causes tension headaches
Uncertain, Related to muscle contractions in head and neck area
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what are the tension headache triggers
eye strain, fatigue, infection, poor posture
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who is at risk of tension headache
age 40-49 in both sexes and people with a high education level
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how long does a migraine headache last
4 to 72 hours
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what are some features of a migraine
Unilateral location, Pulsating quality, Aggravation by physical activity, Nausea
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what is Migraine Aura
Visual flashes, spots, or zig-zag lines
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how long does migraine aura develop for
over >4 minutes
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how long does migraine aura resolve in
1 hour
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what is Cutaneous allodynia
hair pain
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how does Cutaneous allodynia arise
Shaving, Combing hair, Touching scalp
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what triggers a migraine
spices, wine (red), chocolate and too much or little sleep
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how does migraine aura come about
stress - vessle constriction - reduced blood flow -aura
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how does migraine pain come about
stress - vessle dilation - distended blood vessels - pain
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sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses and the nasal passages caused by a viral, bacterial or fungal infection
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what are cluster headache symptoms
sweating, swelling, tearing, runny nose
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how often do cluster headaches occur in a year
4 to 12 weeks once a year
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what do cluster headache pain feel like
Excruciating, continuous
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how long do cluster headaches last
15mins-3 hrs; same clock time each day
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does pain prevent

Back

serious damage

Card 3

Front

what does pain teach

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what can pain do if it is in the joints

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is congenital analgesia

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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