Pain sensitive afferent fibres/ neurones (also called free nerve endings) which only respond to potentially damaging (noxious) stimuli by sending "possible threat" signals to the brain
Nociceptors
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A type of nociceptor which is activated by strong shearing force in the skin (sharp pain), e.g. cut, strong blow
Mechanical
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A type of nociceptor which responds to many stimuli , e.g. sharp blow, damaging heat, chemicals released by tissue damage (histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins)
Polymodal
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A network of inhibitory neurones which determine if a pain stimulus is viable to send to the brain. The pain signal must overcome this inhibition
Interneurons
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A mechanism where the spinal gate "shuts off" pain, so a person cannot feel pain in shock or intensive situations
Intrinsic analgesic system
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This sensitisation is caused by damage of tissue at a nerve ending, causing the release of mediators which sensitise polymodal nociceptors to fire at a much lower stimulus threshold
Peripheral
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This sensitisation produces a larger signal due to increased primary afferent firing causing the release of both glutamate and substance P, causing sufficient depolarisation to also relieve the Mg2+ block of NMDA receptors where glutamate also binds
Central
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Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors as well as this one
AMPA
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Substance P binds to this receptor
NK1
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In central sensitisation, the NMDA receptor allows this ion to enter and activate a second messenger system. It can also increase production of prostaglandins
Calcium
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This group of analgesics works by blocking COX enzymes which usually produce PGs which can cause pain and inflammation and make central sensitisation worse. Clinical effect is achieved by primarily inhibiting COX2
NSAID
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This group of analgesics works by binding to u receptors which stimulates the Intrinsic Analgesic System, inhibits NT release at nerve terminals, inhibits firing of AP at the periphery and inhibits release of inflammatory mediators
Opioid
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A type of nociceptor which is activated by strong shearing force in the skin (sharp pain), e.g. cut, strong blow
Back
Mechanical
Card 3
Front
A type of nociceptor which responds to many stimuli , e.g. sharp blow, damaging heat, chemicals released by tissue damage (histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins)
Back
Card 4
Front
A network of inhibitory neurones which determine if a pain stimulus is viable to send to the brain. The pain signal must overcome this inhibition
Back
Card 5
Front
A mechanism where the spinal gate "shuts off" pain, so a person cannot feel pain in shock or intensive situations
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