Teachers tend to label students based on stereotyped assumptions of their social class & background. Wc students are then more likely to be labelled negatively as they are furthest away from the ideal pupil.
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What did Becker come up with?
The 'ideal' pupil, which teachers use to label their students. Mc get labelled positively because they are the closest to this pupil.
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How does self-fulfilling prophecy impact educational achievement?
The wc are more likely to be labelled negatively and placed in lower streams. So, this can create a sfp, the students internalise these labels and expectations placed on them.
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How does teacher expectations impact educational achievement?
The expectations placed on pupils does impact their achievement as proven by Rosenthal & Jacobson.
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What did Rosenthal & Jacobson do?
They carried out a study where they labelled a random selection of pupils as 'spurters' and told the teachers they would spurt soon. After a year, 47% of these pupils had made significant progress due to expectations placed on them.
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How do pupil subcultures impact achievement?
Mc students are more likely to be placed in higher streams and so are more likely to join a pro-
school subculture. Wc students are more likely to be placed in lower streams and so are more likely to join a anti-school subculture.
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How does streaming impact achievement?
Teachers tend to see the wc as lacking ability and have low expectations of them and so place them in lower streams. This makes it difficult to move streams and immediately pus them in for lower-tier exams.
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How does habitus impact achievement?
Schools have a middle class habitus and so mc pupils gain symbolic capital. The school devalues the wc habitus so the tastes of the wc are deemed as worthless. Bourdieu calls this symbolic violence.
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What are Archer's Nike identities?
The wc invest heavily in styles such as Nike as they see it as a way of 'being me' and gaining symbolic capital.
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How do Nike identities impact achievement?
They earn symbolic capital but at the same time go against dress codes and so risk being labelled as 'rebels' due to the schools mc habitus. This therefore means they are negatively labelled.
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What did Gillborn & Youdell suggest about labelling?
Labelling is linked to league tables due to the educational triage.
-Those who will pass
-Borderline C/D
Hopeless cases
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What did Ball suggest about streaming & labelling?
Even without streaming, class inequality continues due to teacher labelling.
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What did Douglas find?
Those placed in lower streams, aged 7-8, experienced a decline in IQ by the age of 11. Those placed in higher streams, experienced an increase in IQ.
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Example of interconnected factor
Labelling (internal) is based on stereotyped assumptions of their background & social class (external)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How does labelling impact achievement?
Back
Teachers tend to label students based on stereotyped assumptions of their social class & background. Wc students are then more likely to be labelled negatively as they are furthest away from the ideal pupil.
Card 3
Front
What did Becker come up with?
Back
Card 4
Front
How does self-fulfilling prophecy impact educational achievement?
Back
Card 5
Front
How does teacher expectations impact educational achievement?
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