Found inside every single cell in the body in high concentrations
Potassium
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They help to create ATP and proteins.
Potassium
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Does about half the work in generating and maintaining nerve impulses, through membrane potentials
Potassium
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High concentration inside the cell
Potassium
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Hypokalemia
Potassium
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The symptoms include weakness and loss of reflex, abnormal ECG results and intestinal paralysis, in the long term symptoms are stroke, osteoporosis and hypertension.
Hypokalemia
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Caused by vomiting or rapid fluid loss. It rarely occurs due to insufficient intake from the diet.
Hypokalemia
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Need 2000-5500mg per day.
Potassium
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We get this through meat, milk and veg.
Potassium
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..works with potassium in maintaining membrane potential/nerves and creating ATP/Proteins.
Sodium
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Also affects blood pressure and regulates the osmotic balance in the body.
Sodium
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A loss of consciousness, muscle cramps or weakness and nausea.
Hyponatraemia
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Edema (the legs swell and lose elasticity), lethargy and irritability.
Hypernatraemia
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We need 1100-3300mg of this per day.
Sodium
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Found mainly in table salt and spinach.
Sodium
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Fortifies bones and cartilage
Calcium
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Aids muscle contraction (where it forms a molecule called calmodulin)
Calcium
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A release of .... into synaptic terminals causes vesicles of acetylcholine to be released via exocytosis, thus carrying the signal on via a neurotransmitter
Calcium
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Also helps in the process of creating red blood cells.
Calcium
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High levels can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
Calcium
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Dangerously high levels of ..... in cells may induce apoptosis or straight necrosis. It can also make heartbeats irregular. What is this and what is the condition?
Calcium, and hypercalcaemia
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We need 800-1200mg of .... per day
Calcium
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Found mostly in dairy but also in canned fish
Calcium
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Over 300 enzymes in the body use .... as a catalyst
Magnesium 2+
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Binds to ATP to activate it.
Magnesium
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Stabilizes the phosphate backbone of DNA/RNA
Magnesium
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Stored in the bones
Magnesium
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It’s found in many medicines such as milk of magnesia
Magnesium
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Presents itself as cramps, and is associated with alcoholism.
Hypomagnesaemia
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Is rarely found since the kidneys are really good at filtering it out in excess.
Hypermagnesemia
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We need 300-400mg of .... per day
Magnesium
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It’s in coffee and spices.
Magnesium
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Produce stomach acid and also to regulate membrane potential and water potential
Chlorine
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also forms hypochlorite in white blood cells which is a really good disinfectant.
Chlorine
34 of 37
We need 2300mg of ... per day, and we usually get this through table salt
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