a condition that makes your body function in a way it normally wouldn't
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what cause diseases?
pathogens
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what does bacteria do if it gets inside the body?
release toxins and poisons
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how do viruses survive?
if they're in a host cell in the body
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how do eyes prevent microbes from entering the body?
by producing tears of antiseptics
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how does the skin prevent microbes from entering the body?
by acting as a barrier
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how do hair follicles prevent microbes from entering the body?
by making antiseptic oils
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how do cilia in the nose prevent microbes from entering the body?
by producing mucus which captures microbes. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach then kills the pathogens in the mucus
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how do cuts prevent microbes from entering the body?
by bleeding, clotting and forming scabs
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what are four ways infectious disease can be transmitted?
droplet transmission, transmission in water, transmission by vector, transmission by contact
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what do antitoxins do?
neutralise toxins produced by pathogens
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how are microbes sometimes ingested and broken down?
by enzymes
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what do antibodies target?
antigens
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how does your body become immune to a disease?
if the body has produced specific antibodies for the disease before, the memory cells will recognise the antigens of the disease if it enters again and rapidly produce the necessary antibodies
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what was one way Semmelweiss reduced the amount of deaths in hospitals?
by insisting doctors washed their hands inbetween examinations
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what do painkillers do?
relieve the symptoms of a disease but don't kill the pathogen
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how do antibiotics work?
by targeting the differences between bacterial and host cells
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why can't antibiotics kill viruses?
viruses are inside the host cell and antibiotics work outside the cell
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why should the correct course of antibiotics always be undertaken?
to reduce antibiotic resistance
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what is MRSA
a strain of bacterium that is resistant to most antibiotics
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what is natural selection?
when a gene mutates and has better characteristics to survive, so passes its new gene on so eventually a whole population has the gene
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what version of a pathogen is used in vaccination?
weak/inactive/dead
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why must petri dishes and culture media be sterilised before use?
to kill unwanted microorganisms
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how are loops and necks of bottles sterilised?
by passing them through a flame
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why must the lids of petri dishes avoid as little contact with air as possible?
to prevent microorganisms contaminating the culture
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in school laboratories what temperature should cultures be incubated at?
25 degrees C
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why are higher temperatures in incubators used in industrial conditions?
for more rapid growth
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what cause diseases?
Back
pathogens
Card 3
Front
what does bacteria do if it gets inside the body?
Back
Card 4
Front
how do viruses survive?
Back
Card 5
Front
how do eyes prevent microbes from entering the body?
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