protein produced by B cells in response to the presence of a pathogen
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antigen
molecule found on the surface of a cell, foriegn antigens trigger an immune response
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B-Cell
white blood cell (lymphocyte) involved in the immune response that produces antibodies
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Cellular immune response
immune response involving T cells
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herd immunity
unvaccinated people protected because the occurance of the disease is reduced by the number of people who are vaccinated
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Humoral immune response
immune response involving B cells and the production of antibodies
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infectious disease
a disease caused by infection with a pathogen e.g. a virus
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memory cell
a white blood cell that remains in the body and remembers how to respond to infections.
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monoclonal antibody
antibodies produced from genetically identical (cloned) B Cells
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non infectious disease
Disease caused by the body malfunctioning (e.g. mutation)
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pathogen
a microorganisms that causes a disease
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plasma cell
B cells that produce antibodies
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primary immune response
immune response when the body is infected by a pathogen for the first time
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secondary immune response
Immune response when the body is infected by a pathogen for the second time
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T Cell
type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. Some activate B cells others kill pathogens directly.
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Toxin
A harmful molecule released by some pathogens
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how are pathogens removed by the gas exchange system
mucus and cilia
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skin
blood clots forming scabs
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digestive sytem
stomach acid, thoughs that survive invade cells in the small intestine
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how do pathogens cause disease?
producing toxins. rupturing cells, breaking down nutrients in cells and using them (starves and kills the cell), replicating in cells and bursting them.
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how do T cells stimulate B cells
interleukin 1 & 2
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how do antibodies destroy pathogen?
caot it to make it easier for the phagocyte & prevent it entering host cells, bind to and neutralize toxins.
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what are antibodies?
proteins made of chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
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how do vaccines work?
contain antigens (can be attached to a dead or attenuated pathogens) that cause the body to produce memory cells against a particular pathigen without it causing disease.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
molecule found on the surface of a cell, foriegn antigens trigger an immune response
Back
antigen
Card 3
Front
white blood cell (lymphocyte) involved in the immune response that produces antibodies
Back
Card 4
Front
immune response involving T cells
Back
Card 5
Front
unvaccinated people protected because the occurance of the disease is reduced by the number of people who are vaccinated
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