Ib molecular biology: metabolism and water

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What is a Anabolic reaction?
A 'building up' reaction, the synthesis of more complex molecules from simple molecules (water is produced = condensation reaction)
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What is a Catabolic reaction?
A 'breaking down' reaction, breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules (hydrolysis reaction = water molecules are split
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The hydrogen pole of a water molecule is slightly....
positive (as hydrogen atoms are less attractive than Oxygen atoms)
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The Oxygen pole of a water molecule is slightly....
negative
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What type of bond forms between water molecules?
hydrogen bond
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Does water or methane have a higher melting point?
water (0)as hydrogen bonds restrict the movement of water molecules and lots of energy is needed to overcome this , methane (-182)
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Does water or methane have a higher specific heat capacity?
water (4.2 j per g per c ) hydrogen bonds restrict movement, so more energy is stored by moving water molecules than methane
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Does water or methane have a higher latent heat of vaporisation?
Water, a lot of energy is needed to break the h bonds and allow evaporation
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Does water or methane have a higher boiling point?
water (100 degrees) heat energy needed to break h bonds
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What is a hydrophilic substance?
substance is attractive to water, molecules form intermolecular bonds with water molecules
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What is a hydrophobic substance?
Not necessarily repelled by water, but water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other substance molecules
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Which ions does Sodium chloride form when it dissolves in blood plasma?
Na+ and Cl- ions
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Why can Glucose and amino acids be dissolved into blood plasma and transported?
they are polar, so dissolve in water
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Why is Oxygen transported using haemoglobin in red blood cells, and not dissolved in blood plasma?
Oxygen is non-polar, so not enough dissolves into blood plasma
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Cholesterol and fats are transported in small droplets called:
lipoproteins
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What coats the cholesterol and fats inside lipoproteins?
phospholipids and proteins
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Are Cholesterol and fats polar?
no
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What are the 4 properties of water?
Cohesive, Adhesive, Thermal, Solvent
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Why is water cohesive?
water molecules stick to each other (cohere) because of the Hydrogen bonds between them
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What is a benefit of water being cohesive? (for plants)
allows transpiration stream (columns of water can be sucked up Xylem vessels)
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Why is water Adhesive?
bipolarity of water molecules makes them adhere to polar/hydrophilic surfaces
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What is a benefit of water being Adhesive? (plants)
adhesion between water and cellulose in leaf cell walls cause water to draw out of Xylem vessels, masking cell walls moist (for gas exchange)
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What are the thermal properties of water?
high bp and mp, high latent heat of vaporisation, high specific heat capacity
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Why does water have its thermal properties?
hydrogen bonds between water molecules
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What are the benefits of a high bp and mp?
water is a liquid in most habitats, so suitable for organisms.
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What are the benefits of water's high SHC?
it changes temp slowly = stable habitat
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What are the benefits of water's high LRV?
high lhv=effective coolant in leaves or sweat
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What is a monomer?
a single sub-unit (in an anabolic reaction)
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What is a dimer?
pair of monomers bonded together
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What is a polymer?
a long chain of monomers bonded together
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two amino acids joined together by a condensation reaction is called
dipeptide
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amino-acids in a polypeptide chain are linked by what type of bond?
peptide bond
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What are condensation reactions used for?
building up carbohydrates (monosaccharides --> disaccharides --> polysaccharides) and lipids (fatty acids + glycerol --> glycerides --> triglycerides + water molecules [maximum of 3 fatty acids can link to glycerol])
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What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, using up water
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What are water molecules broken into during Hydrolysis reactions?
OH- and H+ ions
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Why did the theory of Vitalism state living and non-living things were made up of different materials?
Because they were so different
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In the theory of Vitalism, living organisms were made up of
organic chemicals, only producible in living organisms because a 'vital force' was needed
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How was the vitalism theory falsified?
artificial synthesis of urea
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What chemicals did German chemist Friedrich Kohler use to synthesise urea for the first time in 1828?
silver isocyanate and ammonium chloride (this helped falsify vitalism)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a Catabolic reaction?

Back

A 'breaking down' reaction, breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules (hydrolysis reaction = water molecules are split

Card 3

Front

The hydrogen pole of a water molecule is slightly....

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The Oxygen pole of a water molecule is slightly....

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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