9: Human Reproduction

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Male Reproductive System
Produce millions of sperm
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Female Reproductive System
Produce an egg for fertilisation
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Penis
Transfers semen from male to female
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Urethra
Tube in penis which carries the semen
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Testis
Produces sperm and hormones
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Scrotal Sac
Holds testes outside the body to keep sperm cool
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Sperm Duct
Carries sperm from testes to urethra
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Prostate Gland
Produces seminal fluid
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Ovary
Produces eggs and hormones
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Oviduct (Fallopian Tube)
Cilia in the lining of the tube waft the egg from the ovary to the uterus
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Uterus
Muscular wall which protects the foetus, the lining enables exchange of materials
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Cervix
Neck of the uterus which dilates during labour
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Vagina
Receives sperm, a baby leaves the body here
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Sex cells (gametes)
Male sperm and female egg
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Chromosomes
Each set of chromosome contains DNA makeup
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An egg has...
23 chromosomes
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A sperm has...
23 chromosomes
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Meiosis
Method of cell division, cells with two sets of chromosomes divide to produce cells with one set
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Fertilisation
Occurs when the nucleus of one sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg, the fertilised egg will therefore have two sets or 23 pairs of chromosomes
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Mitosis
Process where the fertilised egg divides into two cells, with identical sets of chromosomes
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Where does fertilisation take place?
Takes place in the upper part of the oviduct
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What happens in sexual intercourse?
Sperm are transferred from the male to the female during sexual intercourse. The penis becomes erect due to blood entering large spaces in the tissue. Semen travels through the urethra and is deposited very close to the cervix.
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How does the egg move along?
By cilia on the oviduct which waft to encourage movement
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Fraternal Twins
Two eggs are released from the ovary and are fertilised by separate sperm
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Identical Twins
The embryo splits into two groups of cells and each develops individually
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Amniotic fluid
Acts as a shock absorber to prevent damage to the foetus when the mother moves around
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Labour
The process of the baby departing from the body
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Labour: Stage 1
The muscular walls of the uterus contract in order to dilate the cervix
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Labour: Stage 2
The uterus walls squeeze to force the baby through the birth canal
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Labour: Stage 3
Following birth, the uterus contracts to push out the placenta
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Breastfeeding
Starts the suckling reflex of the baby, the milk contains lots of antibodies which help to protect
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Produce an egg for fertilisation

Back

Female Reproductive System

Card 3

Front

Transfers semen from male to female

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Tube in penis which carries the semen

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Produces sperm and hormones

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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