Human Ingestive Behaviour 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyBiological PsychologyUniversityAll boards Created by: marmitesarnyCreated on: 25-05-17 15:30 Define Isotonic Water cannot pass easily through cells 1 of 47 Define Hypertonic Water moves out of cells (loss) 2 of 47 Define Hypotonic Water moves into cells (gain) 3 of 47 Being hypertonic can pose risk to the cell because? It is deprived, and therefore cannot carry out its basic functions. 4 of 47 Being hypotonic can pose risk to the cell because? The cell can rupture 5 of 47 What is osmotic thirst caused by? When the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic 6 of 47 What is volumetric thirst? Occurs alongside osmotic thirst when the body loses fluid through evaporation 7 of 47 What is pure volumeric thirst caused by? Vomiting and Diarrhoea 8 of 47 Where is sub-cutaneous fat? beneath the skin 9 of 47 Where is visceral fat? in the abdominal category 10 of 47 What happens during the absorptive phase? Nutrients are stored, with excess stored as triglycerides 11 of 47 What happens during the fasting phase? No food in the system so initially ST and LT stores are used and if not the body breaks muscles down into amino acids for fuel 12 of 47 What is Ghrelin secreted by? The Gastric Mucosa 13 of 47 What is satiation? the feelings of fullness that occur during a meal 14 of 47 What is satiety? the feelings of fullness that occur after a meal, suppressing hunger 15 of 47 What are episodic signals? Signals are short term and oscillate with meal times 16 of 47 What are tonic signals? long term signals from fat tissues. 17 of 47 How many fluid compartments do we have? 4: 1 intra, 3 extracellular 18 of 47 Where is the majority of fluid stored (%) ? 67% within the intracellular fluid 19 of 47 What is the extracellular fluid comprised of? The interstitial, intravascular and cerebrospinal fluid 20 of 47 What percentage of fluid is made up of interstitial? approx 26% 21 of 47 What percentage of fluid is made up of intravascular? 7% 22 of 47 What percentage of fluid is made up for cerebrospinal? 1% 23 of 47 A reduction in intravascular fluid results in what? Hypovolemia 24 of 47 What is the extent correctional mechanism of hypovolemia? contraction of muscles in smaller veins and arteries 25 of 47 The interstitial and intracellular fluids are usually? isotonic with one another 26 of 47 Where is osmotic thirst detected in the brain? Anteroventral Third Ventricle 27 of 47 What organ has cells that detect hypovolemia, and what does this trigger? kidneys: secrete an enzyme called renin which converts to angiotensin and causes water retention & motivation to find fluid. 28 of 47 If glucose is not used immediately for energy, it is converted into...? Glycogen. 29 of 47 If blood glucose levels drop, what happens? Brain tells pancreas to stop secreting insulin and start secreting glucagon 30 of 47 What purpose does glucagon serve? converts glycogen back into glucose 31 of 47 What do triglycerides contain? soluble carbohydrate glycerol and fatty acids 32 of 47 Most of the bodies cells can function on broken down triglycerides apart from.... the brain 33 of 47 What are the two metabolic mediators of meal initiation? Gluco/Lipoprivation 34 of 47 Where are the glucoprivic and lipoprivic detectors located? in the liver 35 of 47 How do Gluco/lipoprivic detectors connect with the brain? via the vagus nerve 36 of 47 Where are the glucose detectors in the brain? Dorsomedial and Ventrolateral Medulla 37 of 47 Meal initiation is normally regulated by? Ghrelin. In Gluco and Lipoprivation, signals are sent to the brain. 38 of 47 What organ secrets glucagon and insulin? The pancreas 39 of 47 Early episodic signals are what? sensory 40 of 47 What are the cognitive signals associated with meal initiation? learned associations and expectations 41 of 47 Describe the post ingestive mechanism of meal termination. arise from passage of food via stomach/duodenum and small intestine (chloecystokinin) 42 of 47 when is CCK released? in response to food in the small intestine (slows gastric motility and interacts with stomach mechanoreceptors) 43 of 47 Tonic signals modulate the sensitivity of what? episodic signals through leptin 44 of 47 Describe the post absorptive mechanism of meal termination from nutrient detectors in liver and glucose and insulin detectors in the brain. 45 of 47 How does the reduction of hunger ultimately occur? CCK and nutrient detection in the duodenum 46 of 47 What part of the brain is the 'hunger centre' and which neurons does it have? lateral hypothalamus, has OX and MCH neurons 47 of 47
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