Abnormal developmental diseases, common mechanisms, medical therapy
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Future therapies
The human body has a limited capacity for regeneration, embryology could lead to treating tissue loss.
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Cyclopean
Produces children with one eye, caused by a lack of SHH gene which regulates cholesterol. Too little leads to this development
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Specialised cells
Immortal and tumorigenic.
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Cancer stem cells
Can divide indefinitely, camcer -embroyogensis link in the regulation of organ development.
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Progenitor Cell
Halfway point between stem cells and differentiated cells
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Wnt
Protein that helps to establish cell fate. Especially in the gut lining.
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Embryonic stem cells
Ultimate source of stem cells, can form any tissue in the body.
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Adult stem cells
Example of mesenchymal stem cells that can form many tissues. wide regenerative capacity, hard to isolate.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells
Reprogramed existing adult cells into pluripotent cells. As effective as embryonic stem cells.
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Mesenchymal stem cells
Multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types e.g osteoblast
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Role of stem cells
Reservoirs to increase cell number
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Cell growth
An increase in cells size via hypertrophy
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Cell death/ Apoptosis
Cells selectively die to form certain structures such as finger/toes
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Cell differentiation
Cells become gradually specialised to create complex tissues.
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Morphogenesis
Formation of shape during development
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, cells become mesenchymal stem cells. Processes include mesoderm formation and neural tube formation.
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Phase 1
Period of the egg
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Phase 2
Period of the embryo
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Phase 3
Period of the foetus
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Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior part, through the stomach
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Median Plane
Bisects the body vertically through the midline marked by the navel, dividing the body exactly in left and right side
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Coronal Plane
Transect a standing body into two halves (front and back, or anterior and posterior) in an imaginary line that cuts through both shoulders.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Abnormal developmental diseases, common mechanisms, medical therapy
Back
Why study embryology
Card 3
Front
The human body has a limited capacity for regeneration, embryology could lead to treating tissue loss.
Back
Card 4
Front
Produces children with one eye, caused by a lack of SHH gene which regulates cholesterol. Too little leads to this development
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