How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments during Henry VII's reign?

Anne of Brittany

Helped shelter Henry from Yorkists

1 of 40

Ferdinand and Isabella

United Spain with their marriage, married Prince Arthur to Catherine of Aragon and gave their blessing for Henry VIII to marry Catherine after Arthur's death

2 of 40

James IV of Scotland

Treaty of Ayton 1502, Welcomed warbeck, Alliance with France

3 of 40

Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I

Supported Warbeck but was too busy with domestic issues to provide any intervention

4 of 40

Charles VIII of France

Henry led military intervention in Brittany to stop annexation, English supported anti-French coalitions in Italian war, War against France

5 of 40

Margaret of Burgundy

Magnus intercusus trade agreement, Trade embargo on goods from Flanders, Malus intercursus trade agreement, Provided support to Warbeck, Provided support to Simnel and gave him 3000 soldiers

6 of 40

Pope Clement VII

Good relations with Henry VII - Made John Morton a Cardinal n 1493

7 of 40

How did Henry VII force the nobility to support him by showing them the unwelcome consequences of opposition?

Attainders, Attacks on retaining, Financial controls and executions - Lord Stanley

8 of 40

Attacks on retaining

Put pressure on tenants to pay rent or on juries to return verdict master wanted - Lords and Commons had to swear they would not retain illegally - laws passed in 1485 and 1504 against illegal retaining

9 of 40

Financial controls

2/3 of nobility held under bonds - Raised money from someone he didn't trust and weakened their power, Forced nobles to behave or face a ruinous fine

10 of 40

Attainders

Seize titles and possessions of nobles suspected of disloyalty, Increasing severity as reign progressed - 138 attainders passed - 46 reversed - 51 of these attainders were in the years 1504-1509

11 of 40

How many nobles received the Order of the Garter in the reign of Henry VII?

37

12 of 40

How many Earls and Barons did Henry VII create?

Only created one Earl and five Barons

13 of 40

Why did Henry VII depend on the nobility?

To maintain law and order and enforce the kings authority in the region and extended local regional control - they used JPs

14 of 40

Peers during Henry VII's reign

Peers dropped from 57 to 44

15 of 40

Why was Henry cautious with the nobility?

They were a massive constraint on his power and were the group that was most likely to cause the biggest internal threat - rebellions

16 of 40

Was Henry successful at dealing with the nobility?

Kept largely under control but increased bitterness towards the King

17 of 40

How did Henry buy the support of nobles?

Rewarding them with land and titles - Patronage

18 of 40

Patronage

Loyalty was rewarded with lands and titles - Some grants at the beginning but didn't want to increase nobles power so limited his use of patronage - Number of nobles fell by a 1/4

19 of 40

What was the largest group within the Royal council?

Those with a church background - 1485-1509, 50% of council was clerics

20 of 40

Earl of Oxford

Member of royal council - Great chamberlain and Lord Admiral

21 of 40

Thomas Howard

Member of royal council - Earl of Surrey - Made lord Treasurer in 1501

22 of 40

John Morton

Member of royal council - was against Richard III - Churchmen/lawyer - Archbishop of Canterbury 1486 - Cardinal in 1493 - encouraged nobility to offer loans to the crown - forced everyone to hand over money

23 of 40

From 1485-1509, how many royal councillors were there?

Total of 227 - attendance usually totalled about 40 members - most prominent being John Morton and Reginald Bray who were crucial in raising funds for Bosworth and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster respectively

24 of 40

Royal council

Most trusted supporters-Inner circle of nobility-Educated professionals, especially lawyers, who advised the King on matters of State and acted in a judicial capacity-Henry attended meetings regularly and chose councillors by ability and loyalty

25 of 40

Jasper Tudor

Duke of Bedford - became most powerful nobleman in Wales

26 of 40

Court of General surveyors

Crown lands

27 of 40

Court of Requests

Dealt with legal cases involving those who could not afford the high costs of the normal system

28 of 40

Council Learned in law

Introduced in 1495 to defend Henry's position as a feudal landlord-Dealt with crown lands and Duchy of Lancaster-Empson and Dudley

29 of 40

Sir Richard Empson

In 1504, Sir Richard Empson became chancellor of the Duchy and President of the Royal Council - he rigorously asserted royal feudal rights and later admitted that he made up feudal dues in more than 80 cases

30 of 40

Empson and Dudley

Made bonds and recognisances work efficiently - raised extraction of money - universally hated and feared - executed by Henry VIII

31 of 40

Pretenders to the throne

Perkin Warkbeck and Lambert Simnel - Challenged Henry's claim to the throne and attracted dissatisfied nobles and foreign rulers wanting to undermine or be rid of Henry altogether - used by Yorkists - justify claim because Henry 'right of conquest'

32 of 40

Lambert Simnel

Claimed to be Earl of Warwick-Henry proved real one was in tower-Appeared in Ireland and joined by the Yorkist claimant, the Earl of Lincoln & 3,000 German mercenaries supplied by Margaret of Burgundy

33 of 40

Who supported Lamert Simnel?

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln - Margaret of Burgundy - Yorkist lord Earl of Kildare proclaimed him King

34 of 40

Battle of Stoke 1487

Lambert Simnel defeated - last battle of Wars of the Roses - Raised little support in the north - Lincoln and several Yorkist leaders killed - Simnel defeated and allowed to work in royal kitchens

35 of 40

Perkin Warbeck

Claimed to be Richard of York - Appeared in Ireland 1491

36 of 40

Who supported Perkin Warbeck?

Lord Stanley(executed), Maximilian(busy), James IV of Scotland, Charles VIII of France and Margaret of Burgundy

37 of 40

What did James IV of Scotland do on Warbeck's behalf?

Invaded England in 1497 - led to a disaster defeat - Warbeck gave himself up - executed in 1499 after he tried to escape the Tower

38 of 40

How did Charles VIII of France support Perkin Warbeck?

Recognised his claim and welcomed him - to embarrass Henry whilst he annexed Brittany - Charles made peace with Henry in 1492

39 of 40

What happened to Perkin Warbeck after Charles VIII of France made peace with Henry VII?

Forced to move to Burgundy where he was welcomed by Margaret and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I - both were busy with domestic issues to provide him support

40 of 40

Get Revising

How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments during Henry VII's reign?

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar History resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar History resources: