How effectively did Henry VII restore and develop the powers of the monarchy?

How effectively did Henry VII restore and develop the powers of the monarchy? (Categories)

Nobility, Uneven control over the kingdom, Finances, Rival claimants to the throne

1 of 43

What methods did Henry VII use to control the nobility?

Attainders, Patronage, Attacks on retaining, Financial controls

2 of 43

Henry VII's aims with the nobility

Control/restrict power (show them consequences of opposition + more inclined to this),Depended on them to maintain law and order, Support(Land/Titles) - nobility depended on land, wealth and support

3 of 43

Attainders

Seize titles and possessions of nobles suspected of disloyalty - increasing severity as reign progressed (51 attainders between 1504-09) - Henry often reversed attainders to secure loyalty (138 attainders, 46 reversed)

4 of 43

Patronage

Abandoned Edward IV's policy of patronage - number of nobles fell by 1/4 (Henry absorbed vacant lands), Some grants at beginning - concerned not to create threats, Did award patronage to Gentry

5 of 43

Attacks on retaining

Retainers used to put pressure on tenants or on juries - 1485 Lords and Commons had to swear they won't retain illegally, 1504 Act nobles needed special license to retain (£5/month for illegal retaining but nobles found ways to avoid license)

6 of 43

Financial Controls

Forced nobles to behave of pay a fine (2/3 of nobles held under bonds) - Raised money from someone he did not trust and obliged him to keep in king's favour - Council Learned in Law enforced - royal debt collector

7 of 43

Local and regional government

Justices of Peace - need a reliable network of officials to carry out laws + public order, their powers grew significantly, Henry did not create one system of local gov but relied on the most appropriate solution for each region

8 of 43

Ireland

Henry was Lord of Ireland but real power lay with clan cheiftains

9 of 43

Wales

Council of Wales - under leadership of uncle Jasper Tudor

10 of 43

Scotland

Separate kingdom - Henry had no control

11 of 43

National Government

Personal Government by king and his advisers,

12 of 43

Who represented Northern England

Earl of Suffolk

13 of 43

How did the King rule?

Ruled by decrees and proclamations -

14 of 43

Parliament

Used sparingly - minor role - serve monarch and vote him additional taxes, met infrequently and not for more than a few weeks at a time, to keep subjects under control, to pass controversial policies

15 of 43

Committees and Law courts

Privy Chamber, Council learned in law, Star Chamber, Royal Council - most trusted supporters, 227 men but regular membership smaller - Morton and Bray

16 of 43

Perkin Warbeck

Claimed to be Richard of York 1941 in Ireland, landed in Kent July 1945 failed to rouse support (Execution of William Stanley and Maximillian busy with domestic issues)

17 of 43

Who supported Warbeck?

Charles VIII of France - Embarrass Henry and divert his attention from Brittany, Margaret and Maximillian in Burgundy, King James IV of Scotland - Disaster invasion 1947, gave himself up in August executed 1499 because attempt to run away from Tower

18 of 43

Mutual destruction

Members of the greater nobility killed themselves off - death of many noble heirs reduced possible threats - Also gave Henry Crown Lands

19 of 43

Lambert Simnel

Claimed to be Earl of Warwick who was in Tower (which Henry proved), Proclaimed King by Yorkist Lord Earl of Kildare, Raised little support in North, 'Last battle of War of Roses' - John de la Pole and Yorkists killed, Simnel work in Kings kitchens

20 of 43

Who supported Lambert Simnel?

Margaret of Burgundy provided 2,000 soldiers, John de la Pole, Yorkist leaders - Lord Earl of Kildare

21 of 43

Earl of Warwick

Yorkist - House of Plantagenet - Younger brother of Margaret Pole - Imprisoned in tower - involved in plot with Warbeck to escape tower in 1499 - Executed in Nov 1499

22 of 43

Margaret of Burgundy

Edward IV's sister - married Duke of Burgundy - Netherlands and France (Major trading partner)

23 of 43

How did Henry unite the houses?

He married Elizabeth of York in Jan 1486 after his royal coronation in Oct 1485, she was the daughter of Edward IV - the nobility were required to give oath of loyalty

24 of 43

John de la Pole

Married Elizabeth (Edward IV's sister) - Earl of Lincoln + Earl of Suffolk

25 of 43

Edmund de la Pole

Went to Guisnes France in July 1499 but was persuaded to return - 1501 went with his brother Richard to Holy Roman Emperor (Supported by Yorkist family), Suffolk's relation in England arrested - Burgundy gave up Edmund in 1506 who was imprisoned

26 of 43

Extraordinary Revenue

Parliamentary taxes, Clerical taxes, Feudal dues, Loans and benevolences, Bonds and recognisances

27 of 43

Ordinary revenue

Crown lands, Legal dues, Custom duties, Feudal dues

28 of 43

What did Henry set up to monitor government spending?

Court of Audit

29 of 43

Surveyor of the King's Wards

Set up to investigate cases of money owed to him from Wardships

30 of 43

What did Henry replace the Exchequer with?

When Henry was inexperienced he used the exchequer however this was inefficient therefore he used the Chamber and the Privy Chamber

31 of 43

Henry's direct personal interest in finances

Some argue he was obsessed with hoarding money however he did spend extravagantly for his image, avoided aggressive foreign policy and exploited legal rights to claim special payments from nobles

32 of 43

Feudal dues - Ordinary revenue

Demand money deriving from the principle that the King was the sole owner of all land, Ensure good behaviour, Master of King's Wards in 1503 to administer, 1487 income from wardships and marriages £350, 1507 risen to £6,000 per year

33 of 43

Custom Duties

Paid on exports/imports, certificates for coastal trade, sale of wool/leather/wine, updated book of rates twice, Rose from £33,000/year to £40,000

34 of 43

Legal dues

Money from fines from subjects of kings court, controlled by Common law courts, special courts and royal council, increased the use of fines and attainders

35 of 43

Crown lands

Henry inherited lands from Houses of York and Lancaster, the Earldoms of Richard and Warwick, Duchy of Lancaster and Principality of Wales - increased by attainders and escheats-reversion of land to the King if a tenant died without an heir

36 of 43

1486 Act of Resumption

Reclaim all crown lands that had been granted away since the start of the Wars of the Roses

37 of 43

Why was Henry less inclined to grant lands?

To maximise his influence and income from leases and rents

38 of 43

Parliamentary taxes

Taxes on the value of movable property, avoided as much as possible - often unpopular and triggered Yorkshire and Cornwall rebellions

39 of 43

Clerical taxes

Appoint leading churchmen to raise money by selling offices - only way of securing money from Church

40 of 43

Extraordinary revenue - Feudal dues

Gifts for special occasions paid by leading nobles - £30,000 from Prince Arthur knighthood in 1504, two years after his death

41 of 43

Loans and benevolences

Irregular source of income when king needed funds - Royal council + Council learned in Law - in 1491, £48,000 raised for Brittany war

42 of 43

Bonds and recognisances

Payments made as a guarantee of good behaviour - demanded from those whose loyalty was suspect - effective way of maintaining control - Council Learned in Law

43 of 43

Get Revising

How effectively did Henry VII restore and develop the powers of the monarchy?

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar History resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar History resources: