History: How did the Weimar Republic survive the crises of 1923?

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What were the three main crises the Weimar Republic had to deal with?
The occupation of the Ruhr, Inflation and The Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch.
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Except the three main crises, what else was the Weimar Republic trying to deal with? (3)
Trying to stabilise Germany, rebuilding the country after the ravages of World War One and having to cope with the problems caused by the Treaty of Versailles.
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Describe the reason why the France occupied the Ruhr.
Germany didn't keep up with reparation payments, and the French were determined to make them pay - even by seizing materials such as coal.
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Describe the events on the day of the occupation of the Ruhr.
In January 1923, French and Belgium troops marched into the Ruhr and occupied it. This was legal under the Treaty of Versailles.
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Why was the Ruhr so important to Germany?
It was Germany's most important industrial region.
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How did the Germans respond to France occupying the Ruhr.
The Germans in Ruhr responded with passive resistance - which meant refusing to have anything to do with French and refusing to do work. The problem was Germ was now losing all the Ruhr usually produced - passive resistance was making Germ poorer.
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How did inflation start?
The German government didn't have enough money to pay for the costs of passive resistance in the Ruhr so it printed more. This meant the value of money went down and prices went up. In 1923 inflation got dramatically worse.
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Who did the Germans blame for inflation?
People didn't blame the Kaiser's war government which had started inflation by its borrowing. Instead they blamed the Weimar republic which had agreed to pay reparations under the Treaty of Versailles.
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What were the effects of hyperinflation?
People who had worked hard all their lives were turned into beggars as their pensions and savings lost all value. Even people lucky enough to have a job found that wages could not keep up with the helper-skelter rise in prices.
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Describe the events in September 1923.
The chancellor - Stresemann, decided that Germany would have to give into France. He ended the policy of passive resistance in the Ruhr.
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Who did Stresemann decide to betray? and how?
Those who hated the republic and gangs of right-wing extremists who made the Southern State of Bavaria their base. Encouraged by Bavarian Government he plotted a putsch against the Reich government.
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Describe the events of the Munich Putsch.
On 8-9 Nov 1923, the Nazi party launched an attempted revolution in Munich (capital of Bavaria) It was easily crushed by army&police, but was another example of violent political extremism which lay just beneath the surface of the weimar republic.
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How weimar republic dealt with crises of 1923 - Stage 1 of 4 (August)
Aug 1923 - Stresseman became chancellor. He called off passive resistance in the Ruhr. The policy was bankrupting Germany but it took courage to abandon it as many thought he was giving into France.
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How weimar republic dealt with crises of 1923 - Stage 2 of 4 (October)
In Oct - government scrapped old,worthless money,&introduced new,temporary currency,Rentenmark.By limiting the amount of this currency in circulation the value of German money was stabilised,&in next year new permanent currency,Reichsmark, brought in
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How weimar republic dealt with crises of 1923 - Stage 3 of 4 (army)
To keep support of army(right-wing)government gave orders that left-wing state governments in Saxony&Thuringia should be deposed.Was much easier for government to get the army to act against more dangerous right-wing nationalists in Bavaria.
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How weimar republic dealt with crises of 1923 - Stage 4 of 4 (November)
In Nov, German gov agreed to resume payments. The allies set up a committee under american banker charles dawes. In april 1924, it gave a huge loan to Germany - to help rebuild trade and industry.
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Card 2

Front

Except the three main crises, what else was the Weimar Republic trying to deal with? (3)

Back

Trying to stabilise Germany, rebuilding the country after the ravages of World War One and having to cope with the problems caused by the Treaty of Versailles.

Card 3

Front

Describe the reason why the France occupied the Ruhr.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the events on the day of the occupation of the Ruhr.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why was the Ruhr so important to Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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