Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918-1939
0.0 / 5
- Created by: jakemartin16
- Created on: 14-01-23 13:25
Birth of the Weimar Republic
Germany loses WW1 (2 million dead, huge debt & 700,000 civilians starve) Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates (leaves) after revolution and Weimar Republic starts in August 1919. Weimar Republic signs armistice ending WW1 & Germans believe they have been stabbed i
1 of 35
Birth of the Weimar Republic
Weimar Constitution is first German democracy, equal voting rights and proportional representation have fair share of votes/seats in government. However, causes lack of strong government as too many coalitions (parties working together) Article 48 gave Pr
2 of 35
Treaty of Versailles
Weimar forced to accept Treaty of Versailles, the ‘Diktat’ which placed, Military – 100,000 men, conscription banned, 6 battleships, Rhineland demilitarised. Germany felt weak. Article 231, Germany had to accept full blame for the war (hated this!) Repara
3 of 35
Treaty of Versailles
Territory – lost 10% of land, Alsace-Lorraine to France, no empire, Saar coalfields given to France for 15 years and Polish Corridor given to Poland
Other – no union with Austria, LON set up, forced to sign the Treaty, Caused intense hatred from Germans
Other – no union with Austria, LON set up, forced to sign the Treaty, Caused intense hatred from Germans
4 of 35
Challenges from the Right and Left:
Spartacists, 1919
Spartacists, 1919
Spartacists, 1919 – Left wing Spartacists, led by Rosa Luxembourg take over govt. newspaper and attempt takeover. Government sends Freikorps to stop it, revolt fails
5 of 35
Challenges from the Right and the Left:
Kapp Putsch, 1920
Kapp Putsch, 1920
Kapp Putsch, 1920, Right wing Freikorp led by Wolfgang Kapp march on Berlin, army refused to help and government flees. Government ask unions to strike, they do which causes chaos and putsch fails, 376 assassinations 1919–21
6 of 35
The Ruhr Crisis - 1923
Government was bankrupt, struggling to pay reparations to France, who decided to invade Ruhr (industrial region) to take payment in goods
German workers go on strike & Weimar prints more money to pay striker & make up for loss of coal/iron. Causes hyperin
German workers go on strike & Weimar prints more money to pay striker & make up for loss of coal/iron. Causes hyperin
7 of 35
Hyperinflation, 1923
Hyperinflation, prices rise rapidly whilst value of £ drops. Prices rise: Bread 1 mark in 1919 to 200,000 billion in 1923. Mass poverty and starvation, children even play with money. Positives; Workers do well as wages rises and rich have land. Negatives:
8 of 35
Stresemann and German Recovery
Aug 1923, Gustav Stresemann made Chancellor and he engineers recovery
Dawes Plan: Gains loans from US ($800m), burns currency and introduces Rentenmark which ends Hyperinflation and resets prices
Ruhr Crisis: ends Ruhr strike, France leaves and German
Dawes Plan: Gains loans from US ($800m), burns currency and introduces Rentenmark which ends Hyperinflation and resets prices
Ruhr Crisis: ends Ruhr strike, France leaves and German
9 of 35
Stresemann and German Recovery
International Relations: Signs Locarno Treaty 1925 with UK/FR/BL to accept ToV, joins League of Nations and signs Kellogg Briand Pact, 1928 with 64 countries for peace. Political Stability: Gets coalitions to work together so decisions can be made. Strese
10 of 35
Weimar Culture and Society
Women: could vote and be politicians, enjoyed social freedom (fashion, smoking and drinking) and improved jobs, 3000 doctors by 1930
Standard of living: Wages increase 10%, unemployment benefits & new housing
Culture: Germany is a culture capital. New arc
Standard of living: Wages increase 10%, unemployment benefits & new housing
Culture: Germany is a culture capital. New arc
11 of 35
Birth of the Nazi Party
Hitler joins DAP (set up by Drexler) in 1919, changes it to the Nazi Party in 1920
1920, they launch 25 Point Plan
Destroy ToV, Expel Jews, Build up army, expand German territory & give jobs
1920, they launch 25 Point Plan
Destroy ToV, Expel Jews, Build up army, expand German territory & give jobs
12 of 35
Birth of the Nazi Party
Hitler becomes leader of Nazis in 1921, promotes loyal supporters like Goering
SA (Stormtroopers) set up in 1921 from ex soldiers, called Brownshirts. They disrupted opposition meetings and were violent.
Membership grows to 55, 000 by 1923
SA (Stormtroopers) set up in 1921 from ex soldiers, called Brownshirts. They disrupted opposition meetings and were violent.
Membership grows to 55, 000 by 1923
13 of 35
The Munich Putsch
November 1923, Hitler's attempts the Munich Putsch a violent uprising
to overthrow the Weimar Republic
Causes
Weimar weak after 1923 crises
Hatred of Weimar (WW1, ToV)
to overthrow the Weimar Republic
Causes
Weimar weak after 1923 crises
Hatred of Weimar (WW1, ToV)
14 of 35
The Munich Putsch
Events
Hitler and 600 SA force Von Kahr and Lossow to support Putsch. Rohm and SA takeover police. 9th Nov 1923, Hitler and 1000 SA march into Munich, hoping army would support a takeover but did not. Police face Nazis, shots fired and 14 killed, Hitler
Hitler and 600 SA force Von Kahr and Lossow to support Putsch. Rohm and SA takeover police. 9th Nov 1923, Hitler and 1000 SA march into Munich, hoping army would support a takeover but did not. Police face Nazis, shots fired and 14 killed, Hitler
15 of 35
The Munich Putsch
Impact
Hitler jailed, Nazi party banned
Nazis get national press in Hitler's trial, seen as turning point and Hitler accepts votes will get him to power
Hitler jailed, Nazi party banned
Nazis get national press in Hitler's trial, seen as turning point and Hitler accepts votes will get him to power
16 of 35
Nazi Reorganisation
Hitler in prison – Writes Mein Kampf, released after 9 months where Nazi party relaunched 1925
Reorganisation of the Party. Bamburg Conference 1926, Hitler keeps total power of Nazi party. Sets up the **, personal bodyguard. Goebbels controlled propagand
Reorganisation of the Party. Bamburg Conference 1926, Hitler keeps total power of Nazi party. Sets up the **, personal bodyguard. Goebbels controlled propagand
17 of 35
Nazi Reorganisation
The Lean Years
Despite changes, Nazis only get 3% of votes in 1928 election (12 seats)
Due to Stresemann, Germany is stable and strong so less votes for Nazi party, especially working class
Despite changes, Nazis only get 3% of votes in 1928 election (12 seats)
Due to Stresemann, Germany is stable and strong so less votes for Nazi party, especially working class
18 of 35
How did Hitler become chancellor?
The Depression
6 million unemployed – Nazis offered bread and work. Government raised tax/low wages
Weaknesses in the Weimar Republic
German people hated Weimar (ToV, WW1) and wanted a powerful ruler like the old Kaiser (Hitler)
Government coalitions
6 million unemployed – Nazis offered bread and work. Government raised tax/low wages
Weaknesses in the Weimar Republic
German people hated Weimar (ToV, WW1) and wanted a powerful ruler like the old Kaiser (Hitler)
Government coalitions
19 of 35
How did Hitler become Chancellor?
Nazi Organisation
Hitler was a great speaker (flew to 6 cities a day) promising something to everyone (jobs, no Jews, ToV). Threat of Communism. Nazi aim to destroy communism, gained them support from the rich. Invited to Chancellor 30th Jan 1933. Pap
Hitler was a great speaker (flew to 6 cities a day) promising something to everyone (jobs, no Jews, ToV). Threat of Communism. Nazi aim to destroy communism, gained them support from the rich. Invited to Chancellor 30th Jan 1933. Pap
20 of 35
How did Hitler become a dictator?
Reichstag Fire – 27th Feb 1933
Fire blamed on communists, Hitler given ‘ Emergency powers’ to ban meetings/newspapers.
Used to arrest4000 communists
Enabling Act – 23rd March 1933
Hitler is given powers to pass any law himself without the Reichstag He
Fire blamed on communists, Hitler given ‘ Emergency powers’ to ban meetings/newspapers.
Used to arrest4000 communists
Enabling Act – 23rd March 1933
Hitler is given powers to pass any law himself without the Reichstag He
21 of 35
How did Hitler become a dictator?
Night of the Long Knives June 1934
Hitler fears the SA want to take over, ** arrest over 400 SA leaders including Ernst Rohm, half killed.
Death of Hindenburg August 1934
Hitler becomes Fuhrer, makes the army swear oath of loyalty to him.
Hitler fears the SA want to take over, ** arrest over 400 SA leaders including Ernst Rohm, half killed.
Death of Hindenburg August 1934
Hitler becomes Fuhrer, makes the army swear oath of loyalty to him.
22 of 35
Methods of Control: Propaganda
Goebbels – Propaganda Minister
Film – 100 films a year, pro Nazi, Triumph of the Will, millions watched
Newspapers – 5000 shut down, all under Nazi control, ‘Der Sturmer’ paper
Radio – 70% had cheap radio which played Hitler's speeches on in public
Film – 100 films a year, pro Nazi, Triumph of the Will, millions watched
Newspapers – 5000 shut down, all under Nazi control, ‘Der Sturmer’ paper
Radio – 70% had cheap radio which played Hitler's speeches on in public
23 of 35
Methods of Control: Propaganda
Rallies/Events– Nuremberg rallies and Olympics to show power.
Fuhrer Cult – Hitler shown as mythical hero but also man of the people
Censorship – Nazis shut down all anti-Nazi things, controlled all news (no bad news) Jazz banned and 20,000 Jewish books
Fuhrer Cult – Hitler shown as mythical hero but also man of the people
Censorship – Nazis shut down all anti-Nazi things, controlled all news (no bad news) Jazz banned and 20,000 Jewish books
24 of 35
Methods of Control: Fear/Terror
The ** – Loyal Aryan police/security. Had unlimited power, controlled the camps
Gestapo - Secret Police, spied on Germans. They tapped phones, opened mail and could jail anyone.
Gestapo - Secret Police, spied on Germans. They tapped phones, opened mail and could jail anyone.
25 of 35
Methods of Control: Fear/Terror
Concentration Camps –Dauchau from 1933 they were used to hold political opponents. Used beatings and hard work
Judges – All Judges loyal to Hitler, 44 now crimes punishable by death
Informers – Snitched on Anti Nazi Jokes – kept regular Germans in contr
Judges – All Judges loyal to Hitler, 44 now crimes punishable by death
Informers – Snitched on Anti Nazi Jokes – kept regular Germans in contr
26 of 35
Nazi's and the Church
Concordat – 1933 truce with Catholics but ended by 1937 when 400 Catholics sent to camps
1936 Reich Church replaced Protestant church. Nazi religion with Mein Kampf replaced bible & cross with swastika. Led by Ludwig Muller
Church schools closed, RE ban
1936 Reich Church replaced Protestant church. Nazi religion with Mein Kampf replaced bible & cross with swastika. Led by Ludwig Muller
Church schools closed, RE ban
27 of 35
Nazi Education
Teachers – Only Nazis allowed
Nazi brainwash in lessons – Anti-Jew, military success, Anti-ToV. PE/History/Race Study important. Jews bullied & excluded 1938. Nazi Leadership schools. Boys - Military training. Girls – Domestic science, health biology, mo
Nazi brainwash in lessons – Anti-Jew, military success, Anti-ToV. PE/History/Race Study important. Jews bullied & excluded 1938. Nazi Leadership schools. Boys - Military training. Girls – Domestic science, health biology, mo
28 of 35
Nazi Youth - Boys
Hitler Youth 14-18
Compulsory from 1936 and rose to 8 million members.
Prepared for army with camps, marching, fighting & Nazi ideas
Compulsory from 1936 and rose to 8 million members.
Prepared for army with camps, marching, fighting & Nazi ideas
29 of 35
Nazi Youth - Girls
League of German Girls, 14-18
Prepared for life in the home – cooking, sewing & cleaning
Emphasis in fitness and health in preparation for being mothers
Prepared for life in the home – cooking, sewing & cleaning
Emphasis in fitness and health in preparation for being mothers
30 of 35
Nazi Women
Aims to raise Nazis & housewife
15% of women fired 4000 lawyers
Lebensborn – Have an Aryan baby
Mothers Cross–8 kids, gold medal
Traditional clothing, focus on housework and raising Nazi children
15% of women fired 4000 lawyers
Lebensborn – Have an Aryan baby
Mothers Cross–8 kids, gold medal
Traditional clothing, focus on housework and raising Nazi children
31 of 35
Nazi Economy
New Plan – Solving Unemployment
RAD – Compulsory all 18-25 men work for 6 months, built autobahns 7000km. Low pay, long hours
Conscription – 1m men in army
Fired Jews/Women
Unemployment 0.5m in 1939
RAD – Compulsory all 18-25 men work for 6 months, built autobahns 7000km. Low pay, long hours
Conscription – 1m men in army
Fired Jews/Women
Unemployment 0.5m in 1939
32 of 35
Nazi Economy
DAF – banned Trade Unions, No strikes/changing jobs/ had to join, Workers lost work freedom, Wages did rise 20% but hours increased from 43 to 49 per week. KDF – Work leisure organisation, Cheap holidays/trips/leisure, 15 million attended trips in 1939.
33 of 35
Nazi Persecution of Minorities
Nazis superior Aryan Race
Jews/Undesirables ‘Untermensch’ and must be removed
Gypsies – 44,000 sent to camps
Homosexuals – No civil rights, sterilised and 15,000 died in camps
Disabled – 350,000 sterilised and 200,000 euthanised until stopped.
Jews/Undesirables ‘Untermensch’ and must be removed
Gypsies – 44,000 sent to camps
Homosexuals – No civil rights, sterilised and 15,000 died in camps
Disabled – 350,000 sterilised and 200,000 euthanised until stopped.
34 of 35
Nazi Persecution of Jews
Jewish Persecution
1933 – Shop boycott & Jews sacked from government jobs
1933 – Nuremburg Laws, Jews cannot marry Germans, cant vote or citizens
1938 – Kristallnacht, 20,000 arrested, synagogues/shops smashed, 91 dead
1939 Jewish businesses taken and
1933 – Shop boycott & Jews sacked from government jobs
1933 – Nuremburg Laws, Jews cannot marry Germans, cant vote or citizens
1938 – Kristallnacht, 20,000 arrested, synagogues/shops smashed, 91 dead
1939 Jewish businesses taken and
35 of 35
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Birth of the Weimar Republic
Back
Weimar Constitution is first German democracy, equal voting rights and proportional representation have fair share of votes/seats in government. However, causes lack of strong government as too many coalitions (parties working together) Article 48 gave Pr
Card 3
Front
Treaty of Versailles
Back
Card 4
Front
Treaty of Versailles
Back
Card 5
Front
Challenges from the Right and Left:
Spartacists, 1919
Spartacists, 1919
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- free GCSE textbooks - Germany modules »
- Free GCSE textbooks - history of medicine »
- Edexcel IGCSE History | DEPTH STUDIES »
- Edexcel GCSE History Paper 3 (1HI0 30-33) - 15th June 2023 [Exam Chat] »
- What is Edexcel GCSE History like? And what was it like having it after Gcses?🙂 »
- history 2023 predictions gcse questions »
- Edexcel History A level Section B »
- AQA GCSE History Paper 1 (8145/1) - 18th May 2023 [Exam Chat] »
- Edexcel A Level History Paper 1 (options 1A–1H) 9HI0 - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat] »
- HELP: GCSE History Edexcel Grade 9 Facts »
Similar History resources:
3.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 12 ratings
4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Teacher recommended
2.0 / 5 based on 3 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 13 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made