History medicine through time

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What would people do to discover new things about the body?
Steal the bodies
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In what state would the patient be in when under going surgery?
Conscience
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What tool do they use too chop off all the skin and the muscle?
A knife
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What tool is used to cut through the bone?
A saw
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What percentage of patients would die either of pain or infection?
25%
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When do doctors decide to wash their hands?
After operations
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What 2 significant developments happened during the 19th century?
Anaesthetic and antiseptic
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What is anaesthetic?
Used to numb pain (chloroform)
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What is antiseptic?
Something used to eliminate germs (carbolic acid)
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Who discovered vaccinations?
Edward Jenner
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Which queen allowed James Simpson to use chloroform on her whilst she was giving birth to her 8th child?
Queen Victoria
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Who developed an inhaler to regulate the dose of chloroform?
John Snow
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Where was Jenner born?
Berkeley, Gloucestershire
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What did Jenner do at the age of 23?
Established himself as the local practitioner and surgeon
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What dose 'vacca' mean?
Cow in latin
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What was the name of the boy that Jenner experimented on?
James Phipps
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How many sewers did the government build in London by the 1800's?
1300
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What does the government do to the slums in Birmingham in the 1800's?
Demolish them
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What law is passed during the 1800's in Leeds?
Waste can no longer be poured into the nearby rivers
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What law is passed in Britain which is relevant to every city with a council (1800's)?
The Public Health Act
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What did the public health act do?
Made the cities provide public toilets, public office whose job was to manage the outbreak of disease, provide public parks, build street lighting and provide clean water
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What was proved when there was a cholera outbreak when less people died because of it?
That the public health act had worked
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What was the occupation of Vesalius?
A Flemish born anatomist
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What was Vesalius' contribution to medicine in the renaissance period?
He helped to correct wrong info about the body by performing dissections
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Whose ideas did Vesalius' work correct?
Religious beliefs were going down and he proved that Galen's theories were wrong
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What was the name of the man who accurately described that blood is pumped around the body and all mammals reproduce by egg and sperm?
William Harvey
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Who inspired the work of Joseph Lister?
Louis Pasteur
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Where does cholera attack in your body?
Small intestines
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What did people believe about how cholera was spread?
It was through the bad air or miasma
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On average how many people lived in a house in London during the 19th century?
40
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Where did cholera start to spread first during the 19th century?
India
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What became more popular throughout the 19th century?
Travelling
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Once cholera had reached Britain in the 19th century, how many people died within two weeks?
600
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Who plots a map of all the cases of cholera in the 19th century?
John Snow
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After John Snow had plotted a map of the cases of cholera during the 19th century what did he discover?
All of the people who had cholera were drinking from the same water pump
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What happened when John Snow took the handle away from the Broadstreet water pump in the 19th century?
The cases of cholera and the amount of deaths went down significantly
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Who discovered penicillen?
Prof. Alexander Flemming
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Who attempts to mass produce penicillin?
Florey and Chain
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Where does penicillin come from?
Mould
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Who agreed to fund Floreys experiment for 5 years?
The government
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Why are Florey and Chain so desperate to find a way to mass produce the penicillin?
WW2 is happening at the time and many soldiers were dying of infected wounds
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What is inside the nucleus of a cell?
Different genes
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What are heredity diseases?
Diseases caused by genetic factors passed on from parent to child
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What are genetics?
What we inherit from our parents e.g eye colour, hair colour
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By the 19th century, Germ Theory had been around for years so people knew what?
Diseases were caused by dirt - there was no longer the beliefs of miasma, 4 humours or supernatural ideas
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Who did Rosalind Franklin work with to do an x-ray photo of DNA?
Maurice Wilkins
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The x-ray photo of DNA by Franklin and Wilkins proved what?
That some characteristics are passed down from parents; not always good
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What are the names of the groups that scientists categorise the genes in to?
A, T, G, C
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What are the names of the scientists who worked out which 2 of the 4 gene categories fit together to form our DNA?
Watson and Crick
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What do Watson and Crick discover by using the images produced by Franklin?
They discover that DNA forms a structure - The Helix shape
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What can DNA do to make copies of themselves?
They can unzip themselves
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When Ehrlich is making 'the magic bullet' what does he look for/
A substance that only attacks the bad cells when you are ill
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What does Ehrlich do so he can see the cells being attacked by the substance?
Dyes them blue
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After using lots of chemicals, what does Ehrlich do when trying to find the right substance?
Accidentally overlooks the chemical that does work
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The person who takes over Ehrlich's experiment discovers what?
He realises there was a chemical that worked and called t Salverson 606
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Why is Salverson 606 called the magic bullet?
Because it has a target and attacks a specific body part
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What was the year when the second magic bullet was found?
1932
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What was the name of the man that found the second magic bullet?
Gerhard Domagk
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What did Gerhard Domagk discover?
A red dye which was effective against some cases of blood poisoning
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What did Domagk call the second magic bullet?
Prontosil
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How did Domagk know that prontosil works?
His daughter accidentally cut her finger. She was dying of blood poisoning when Domagk decided to use prontosil on her. It saved her life
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When did the NHS start?
5th June 1948
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How was the NHS payed for?
By taxes off the public
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Which primeminister was in charge at the time of the NHS starting up?
Atley
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What is the biggest issue that the NHS faced?
The lack of beds
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Who discovered the drug streptomycin?
An american scientist called Selman Wakston
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What could streptomycin cure?
Tuberculosis which was though to be incurable
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What is key hole surgery?
Surgeons could operate through tiny holes in the skin allowing for quicker healing
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What is micro surgery?
This advancement in treatment allowed complicated surgery to be carried out e.g connecting tiny blood vessels in transplants
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

In what state would the patient be in when under going surgery?

Back

Conscience

Card 3

Front

What tool do they use too chop off all the skin and the muscle?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What tool is used to cut through the bone?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What percentage of patients would die either of pain or infection?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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