History: Conflict and Tension 1918 - 39

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give three reasons for punishing Germany
casualties (9 mil B + French), economies, destruction, Russia (Brest - Litosk), politicians (F + B under pressure from ppl to punsish), blame (Germany started it!)
1 of 69
what was annoying about the reparations for Germany?
they had to be payed in goods as money was worthless
2 of 69
Which type of politician was Woodrow Wilson?
What type of politician was Lloyd-George?
an idealist
a realist
3 of 69
what of the Fourteen points might upset Britain and France?
- 1 free access to seas in peacetime or wartime
- 5 colonies have a say in their future
- 10 self determination
4 of 69
how did each of the big three feel about the treaty?
Clemenceau - happy with Alsace-Lorraine, military cuts and reparations, but didn't feel went far enough
Lloyd George - happy in navy cuts and colony losses, but felt trade would be hard
Wilson - happy with LON and self-determination, but thinks too harsh
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Germany's colonies became mandates controlled by LON. what did that mean?
They were taken by the LON, which basically meant B + F owned them
6 of 69
What happened to The Rhineland?
it became a demilitarised zone
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apart from loss of colonies, what other examples are there of loss of German land in TOV?
- The Saarland given to France (mandate) 15 years
- Polish corridor splitting G in two for Poland's sea access
- Rhineland demilitarised zone
8 of 69
what was the political ideology of the senate that voted to not join the LON in 1920?
isolationism
9 of 69
why were the Germans angry about the war guilt clause?
they didn't believe it was their fault
just an excuse to fine them lots
humiliation
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what did the loss of the Saarland make it harder for the Germans to do?
pay 6.6 billion reparations
11 of 69
What was the Kapp Putsch, when was it, and what was it caused by?
1920 - it was an attempted revolution in Germany caused by people appalled at terms and the fact Germany signed. Germany in chaos!
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what did Germany fall behind on in 1922?
What did this lead to in 1923?
what did these events make Germany?
reparations payments - in yearly instalments
France and Belgium invaded Ruhr district, and G ordered the workers there to strike. 100 workers killed.
People had no money, G no goods, country even poorer!
13 of 69
give three reasons for whether the TOV was fair (use stats!)
- end of hugely destructive war (9 mil B + F casualties)
- Brest-Litosk; G going to take 25% Russia's land and ppl
- End of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires. Big 3 did best
14 of 69
give three reasons against whether the TOV was fair (use stats!)
- 6 mil G now outside G territory (persecution)
- lost 1% of land
- Lloyd G predict way in 25 years
- G felt vulnerable with 100 000 and no subs, tanks or planes
15 of 69
What were the two of Turkey's treaties called?
Treaty of Sevres
Treaty of Lausanne
16 of 69
Give four of Poland's problems
- no natural barriers
- 30% of ppl not polish
- poor; weak military
- bc of Polish corridor G hates it
17 of 69
Why was Czechoslovakia set up?
- self determination
- friend for France against Germany
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when did Germany join the LON and why was this possible?
1925; Locarno treaty
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what was the Covenant?
the steps for how LON would deal with aggression:
- mitigation: getting countries together to talk about problems
- moral condemnation: telling off
- economic sanctions: no trade w warring countries
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what were the five sections of the LON?
The Assembly, The Council, The Secretariat, The Permanent Court of International Justice and Special commissions
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what were the LON's weaknesses (4)
- membership: no USA!
- slow: assembly needed unanimous votes
- imbalance of power: I B F and J could veto anything in Council
- Countries could leave when they wanted to
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what were the LON's strengths? 2
- written into all peace treaties end of WW1
- large membership
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why was USSR not invited to LON and why was this a problem?
- Big 3 worried communism will spread to Europe
- It means Russia is suspicious of rest of the world, and they could have had a huge and powerful country on their side
24 of 69
who left the LON and when?
Germany - 1933
Japan - 1933
Italy - 1937
25 of 69
what are the four reasons the USA didn't join the LON?
- economy: isolationism
- loss of American lives
- lots of Germans in USA didn't support TOV
- opposed Britain and France (freedom? colonies?)
26 of 69
give six reasons for why the US's membership was a problem for the LON
- most powerful country: sanctions useless
- influential
- global reach
- army
- moral leadership: US's idea
- richest country: resources?
27 of 69
why was the LON's organisation useless?
- dispraportionate power in council; can veto anything assembly suggest
- slow: assembly only meet once a year
- cannot enforce decisions made in the PCoIJ
28 of 69
give three instances where the LON improved peoples lives (w stats)
- 400 000 refugees of WW1 returned home from camps
- Turkey's refugee crisis: destroyed cholera, dysentery and small pox
- limited hour small children could work
- exterminated mosquitoes to reduce cases of malaria and yellow fever
- USSR took health leag
29 of 69
What was the result of the dispute between Sweden and Finland 1921?
The Aarland islands were given to Finland
30 of 69
What was the result of the economic collapse of Austria and Hungary 1922-3
LON gave them a loan, and sent commissioners to check money being spent well, and they began to recover
31 of 69
What was the result of the Corfu incident 1923
Only when the Greeks apologised and paid up did Mussolini withdraw. LON did nothing as didn't want to upset Italy
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What was the result of the Greek-Bulgarian dispute 1925
Greece condemned, and withdrew
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What was the result of the dispute in Upper Silesia 1921
Upper Silesia given to Poland after a vote which went Germany's way. Germany accepts decision.
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what was the result of the Vilna dispute 1920
Vilna occupied by Polish troops which refuse to leave. LON does nothing.
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what was the only progress disarmament made?
1921 Washington conference, where Britain, USA, France and Japan agreed to limit the size of their navies
36 of 69
what did Japan decide their solution to The Great Depression was?
invade Manchuria (china)
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What triggered the invasion of Manchuria?
J claimed Chinese soldiers sabotages South Manchurian railway. They said invasion was self-defence
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what's the name of the report that took a year to write about Manchuria?
The Lytton report
39 of 69
What country did Mussolini invade in 1935?
Abyssinia
40 of 69
what was the trigger for Italy's invasion of Abbysinia?
Wal - Wal incident
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What was the Stresa Pact 1934?
B and F signing a deal with Italy to unite against any threat with Hitler
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what is the crucial thing B and F don't do in Abbysinia?
close the Suez Canal
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What were the three reasons the LON failied in Abyssinia?
- no USA
- slow
- selfish interests
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what were Hitler's four aims?
- Lebensraum (living space)
- greater Germany
- abolish TOV
- defeat communism (bolshevism)
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How did Britain &
France, USSR, USA and Italy feel about Hitler's aims?
- France very worried. Britain less so. Both do not want war
- USSR worried about Hitler's anti-communist
- USA following isolationism, doesn't want to get involved
- Italy worried at first; thinks Austria's a good barrier from German attack
46 of 69
How much did Hitler re arm? stats
100 000 --> 950 000
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What are the two reasons Britain was sympathetic when Germany left LON?
- felt treaty unfair; no one else disarmed
- strong Germany barrier against Communism
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How many battleships did the Anglo-German naval agreement in 1935 give Germany?
35% of Britain's navy
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What was the result of The Saar Plebiscite in 1935?
What did this give Hitler?
90% voted to join Germany
resources (coal)
confidence
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why did the Stresa Pact (1935) collapse?
- vague
- Britain allowed G more navy with Anglo-German naval agreement
- Italy invaded Abyssinia and allied with Hitler
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why was Hitler's entry of the Rhineland 1936 a risk for him?
- army weak
- orders to retreat if attacked
52 of 69
what was the excuse Hitler gave for invading the Rhineland?
France and USSR signed a treaty in 1935 to protect eachother against German attack
said he was threatened and moved troops to Rhineland in self-defence
53 of 69
why don't France attack? 3 reasons
- election coming up; war a vote-loser
- think German army bigger than it is
- Britain won't back them up
54 of 69
Who was the chancellor of Austria in 1938?
Schuschnigg
55 of 69
why did Hitler fail to invade Austria in 1934?
Mussolini stopped him
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why did the invasion succeed in 1938? 2 reasons
Germany and Italy friends (w Japan signed anti-comintern pact against communism)
army stronger
57 of 69
what did Schuschnigg suggest when H invaded?
What did H do to this?
- a vote
- made S resign, sent troops in and held vote - 99.75% voted yes
58 of 69
What was the conference that gave Hitler all of the Sudetenland?
Munich Conference
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why was this different to all of Hitler's other claims?
- H had no claim over The Sudetenland
- Benes had been ready to fight; lost oppurtunity!
- USSR suspcious of B and F
- Czech now defenceless!
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was there justification to invasion of the rest of Czech?
- no - no Germans. Invasion would be unpopular
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why was appeasement wrong?4
- made Hitler confident
- put too much trust in his promises
- allowed G to grow too strong
- scared USSR
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what was the Nazi - Soviet Pact 1939
- Hitler wanted Poland. But USSR shared border, and Hitler didn't want to invade Russia next
- Pact said they wouldn't attack each other and Poland be shared between them
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when was the Stresa Front signed?
1935
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who signed the Stresa Front?
Britain, France, Mussolini
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What was the Stresa Front about?
If Hitler attacked any of the countries, all three would attack him
66 of 69
why did Mussolini see this as a green light to invade Africa?
if B and F were scared of H, they wouldn't stop him in fear of losing an ally
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How did B and F respond to Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia
- condemned, but M didn't listen
- sanctions, but not strong enough
- banned sale of weapons by members of LON
- but still allow sale of oil and raw materials needed
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when was the Hoare-Laval pact signed?
1935
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what was annoying about the reparations for Germany?

Back

they had to be payed in goods as money was worthless

Card 3

Front

Which type of politician was Woodrow Wilson?
What type of politician was Lloyd-George?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what of the Fourteen points might upset Britain and France?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how did each of the big three feel about the treaty?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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