Sir Thomas Lovell; Archbishop Warham; John Fisher; Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, Lord Treasurer; Sir John Heron, Treasurer of the Chamber; Richard Fox, Lord Privy Seal.
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What happened on 24th April 1509?
Arrest of Empson and Dudley
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What happened on 4th May 1513?
Executes Edmund de la Pole (Earl of Suffolk)
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What happens in 1515?
Act of Resumption: returns some lands to the Crown (many lands granted away at start of H8's reign decreasing income by £25k per annum).
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What did subsidy replace?
15ths and 10ths -subsidy a more realistic tax based on actual valuation of taxpayers' wealth
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Why did the Court of the Star Chamber increase in importance from 1515 onwards?
Wolsey wanted it to dispense cheap and impartial justice; used it to challenge power of nobility
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What did an inquiry identify in 1517?
Enclosed land and demolition of buildings; legal proceedings began against 264 landowners (222 came to court with 188 clear verdicts)
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What was the Amicable Grant?
1525: additional tax to fund Henry's expedition to France.
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What did the Amicable Grant cause?
Rebellion in East Anglia and widespread non-payment as it followed forced loans in 1522 and 23, which had not been repaid and subsidy of 1523 which was still being collected.
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When were the Elthan Ordinances?
1526
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What did they attempt to do?
Reform the Royal Household to ensure Wolsey's own political supremacy- but they came to nothing
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How much did Wolsey raise in subsidies?
£322,099
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How much did Wolsey raise in other forms?
£240k in clerical taxation & £260l in forced loans
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Why could Wolsey not finance war?
Expenditure between 1509 and 1520 was £1.7m
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When did the Council of the North's authority increase?
From 1536, after the Pilgrimage of Grace, they were responsible for law and order north of River Trent and dealing with the most serious crimes including treason.
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What did this change mean for the King?
His authority was felt more rapidly and directly.
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How many people served on the Privy Council?
70, but by 1536 a smaller group of about 20 seemed to conduct the business of government in its daily workings.
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Elton claims there was a 'revolution in government' why?
Because after Cromwell the business of government became less centred on the household and more independent and bureaucratic.
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What was the Court of Augmentations?
Established in 1536 to deal with income from the dissolution of the monasteries.
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How did this Court operate?
Recievers in the regions dealt with dissolved estates and reported to central staff.
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How much did crown income increase?
From £115k to £300k
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What was the Act of Union?
1536- Wales became incorporated into the English legal and administrative system.
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Which Act was placed in 1540?
1540 Act abolished sanctuary
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What was the Act of Six Articles?
1539 - moved people back towards Catholicism and reaffirmed 'real presence'.
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What did Thomas Cromwell engineer in 1540?
Henry's marriage to Catherine Howard but this was unsuccessful in ousting Catherine Parr and Cranmer.
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What event occurred in 1543?
12th July, marriage to Catherine Parr
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What did Sir Anthony Denny obtain in 1546?
The 'dry stamp' of Henry's signature, used to alter Henry's will after his death
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What were Norfolk and Surrey accused of and why?
Accused of treason for Surrey's use of badges which suggested he had a claim to the throne.
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What did the 1543 Act of Union do?
Divided Wales into three shires each with JPs appointed by the King.
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How did Wales then take on all aspects of British law?
Wales was to send 24 MPs to Parliament in London; English common law was to be used and English became lang of documentation (officials had to use it).
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Who were the conservatives in the Privy Council?
Norfolk; Gardiner; Wriothesley; Lord Russell, Earl of Surrey (Norfolk's son)
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What were their main policies?
Counter reformation, Catholicism and personal gain
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Who were the reformers in the Privy Councils?
Hertford; John Dudley; Sir Anthony Denny; Sir William Paget; Archbishop Cranmer
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