Globalisation

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  • Created by: scollier1
  • Created on: 18-02-18 14:33
Globalisation
The increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services and capital across borders.
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Transnational cooperations (TNCs)
Businesses whose operations are spread across the world, operating in many nations as both makers and sellers of goods and services.
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Gross domestic product (GDP)
A measure of the financial value of goods and produced within a terrortory (including foreign firms located there).
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Remittances
Money that migrants send home to their families via formal or informal channels.
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Spatial division of labour
The common practises among TNCs of moving low-skilled work abroad (offshore) to places where labour costs are low.
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Intermodel containers
Large capacity storage units which can be transported long distances using multiple types of transport, such as shipping or rail.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
A financial injection made by a TNC into a nation's economy, either to build new facilities or accquire/merge with an existing firm there.
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BRICs
The four large, fast growing economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China who recently joined at their annual summit meeting by South Africa.
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Trickle-down
The positive impacts on peripheral regions caused by the creation of wealth in core regions (and among richer people).
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Sovereign wealth funds
Government-owned investment funds and banks, typically associated with China and countries that have large revenue from oil, such as Qatar.
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Trade blocs
Voluntary international organisations that exist for trading purposes, bringing greater economic strength and security to the nations that join.
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Tariffs
Taxes that are paid when importing/exporting goods and services between countries.
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Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
An industrial area, often near a coastline, where favourable conditions are created to attract foreign TNCs.
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Offshoring
TNCs move part of their own production processes (factories or offices) to other countries to reduce labour or other costs.
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Outsourcing
TNCs contract another company to produce the goods and services they need rather than doing it themselves - this can lead to a growth of complex supply chains.
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Global production network
A chain of connected suppliers of parts and materials that contribute to the manufacturing or assembly of the consumer goods. The network serves the needs of a TNC, such as Apple or Tesco.
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Glocalisarion
The alterations of products to meet local laws or tastes. It's an increasingly used strategy used by TNCs in an attempt to conquer new markets.
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Deindustrialisation
The decline of regionally important manufacturing industries; the decline can be chartered either in terms of workers or output and production measures.
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Internal migrant
Someone who moves from place to place inside the border of a country.
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Economic migrant
A migrant whose primary aim is to seek new employment.
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Refugee
People who are forced to flee their homes due to persecution.
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Intervening obstacles
Barriers to a migrant - such as a political border or physical feature (deserts, mountains, rivers).
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Natural increase
The difference between a society's crude birth rate and crude death rate.
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Centripetal migration
Movement of people directed towards the centre of urban areas.
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Brownfield site
Abandoned or derelict urban land previously used by commercial/industrial companies.
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Global hub
Highly globally-connected city.
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Cultural trait
Simple individual component parts which make a culture.
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Cultural imperialism
The practise of promoting the culture/language of one nation in another.
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Soft power
The global influence of a country derives from its cultural, political values of diplomacy.
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Cultural landscape
The landscape of a place that has been shaped over time in characteristic ways by the combined action of natural and human processes.
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Absolute poverty
When a person's income is too low for basic human needs to be met.
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Millennium Development Goals
Eight specific objectives for the global community created at the UN Millennium Summit in New York in 2000 - aimed to be completed by 2015.
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Relative poverty
When a person's income is too low to maintain the average standard of living in a particular society.
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Informal sector
Unofficial forms of employment that are not easily made subject to government regulation or taxation.
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Post-accession migration
The flow of economic migrants after a country has joined the EU.
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Diaspora
The dispersion/spread of a group of people from their original homeland.
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Crude birth rate
The number of live births per 1000 people per year.
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Nationalist
A political movement focused on national independence or the abandonment of policies that by some people as a threat to national sovereignty/culture.
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Post-colonial migrants
People who moved to European countries from former colonies during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s - Caribbean, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uganda --> UK.
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Net migration
The overall balance between immigration and emigration.
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Natural resources
A material source of wealth that occurs in a natural state and has economic value.
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Consumer society
A society in which the buying/selling is the most important social and economic activity.
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Ecological footprint
A crude measurement of the area of land or water required to provide resources needed to live.
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Water footprint
A measure of the amount of water used in production/transport to market commodities.
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Carbon footprint
The amount of carbon dioxide produced by an individual or activity.
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Food miles
The distance food travels from a farm to the consumer.
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Transition town
Businesses adopt "bottom-up" strategies --> More sustainable community --> Less reliant on global trade.
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Ethical purchase
Financial exchange where consumer considers social/environment costs for production.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Businesses whose operations are spread across the world, operating in many nations as both makers and sellers of goods and services.

Back

Transnational cooperations (TNCs)

Card 3

Front

A measure of the financial value of goods and produced within a terrortory (including foreign firms located there).

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Money that migrants send home to their families via formal or informal channels.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The common practises among TNCs of moving low-skilled work abroad (offshore) to places where labour costs are low.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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