Gestures

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  • Created by: Yasmetron
  • Created on: 03-03-23 14:16
define gestures
movement of the hand or another body part that are not part of an action. They are distinct from sign language. E.g., pointing, emblems.
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what is the gesture first hypothesis?
the idea that humans were first able to communicate in a symbolic way by gesture, and so were able to develop language, has a long history
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when do we start gesturing
9-12 months
before they start speaking
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What is the relationship between SES and gestures
Parents from high SES talk more to their children and use wider vocabulary – Hoff (2003)
Socio-Economic status predicts parent gesture which predicts child gesture which then predicts child vocabulary.
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How do we know gesturing is innate?
• Blind and sighted children and adolescent respond to reasoning question.
• Blind individuals gestured as much as sighted individuals, even when talking to a blind experimenter although blind individuals have never seen gestures- Iverson & Goldin-Meadow
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How do gestures vary by language?
Languages differ in how they describe motion events and therefore in gestures.
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how does gesturing impact comprehension?
• Participants watched video / watched video with lower contrast that effectively hid mouth and eyes / only heard audio.
• Answered comprehension questions: Participants performed better in the altered video condition than the audio condition.
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Can gestures improve memory?
• Modelled stimuli on real speech and gesture combinations.
• Supplementary gestures: “It’s bad in that room” + waving gesture in front of nose.
• Memory test for the speech immediately and after 30 minutes. Church, Garber & Rogalski (2007)
• improve
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How does gesturing impact memory recall?
• Recall test – recall was better when allowed to gesture Goldin-Meadow et al. (2001)
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what did Gillespie, James, Federmeier & Watson (2014) find?
• Participants with lower verbal WM gestured more.
• Similar findings that preventing gesturing hurts individuals with low WM more.
• Those with lower WM benefit more from its cognitive offloading.
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define gesture mismatch
Gesture-speech mismatches occur when the physical gestures that accompany verbal communication convey different information than what is actually being said. Humans use physical gestures to accompany verbal communication.
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What does Singer and Goldin-Meadow (2005) find for teaching?
• Mismatching gestures help more than matching gestures!
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What did Broaders et al. (2007) find for studying?
• Children who were told to gesture prior to instruction benefited more from instruction and solved more problems correctly.
• The better performance of those who gestured is probably because of their added strategies: Those who added new strategies in
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Doing or seeing?
Doing gestures is better than seeing gestures.
Goldin-Meadow et al. (2012)
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how did gestures improve language acquisition?
• LeBarton, Goldin-Meadow & Raudenbush (2015)
• Child gesture: experimenter points and asks child to point to labelled objects
• Children asked to point had larger vocabulary at follow-up.
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what is the link with gesturing and autism and language delay.
o Children who were later diagnosed with language delay also seemed to point less.
display (Lebarton and Iverson, 2015)
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what is the gesture first hypothesis?

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the idea that humans were first able to communicate in a symbolic way by gesture, and so were able to develop language, has a long history

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when do we start gesturing

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Card 4

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What is the relationship between SES and gestures

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How do we know gesturing is innate?

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