A pale grey rock formed from the shells of crushed sea creatures that lived in tropical seas 300 million years ago
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Carbon Dating
Uses radiation testing to find the age of rocks that contained living materials (carbon)
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Carboniferous
A time period where many rocks, such as limestone were created. 250-350 million years ago.
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Strata
Horizontal layers of rock.
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Resistance
How easy or hard a rock is. The most resistant are harder to erode.
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Erosion
The wearing away of the landscape.
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Uplifted
Where land which was on the bottom of the sea bed is lifted up by tectonic action.
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Faults
A series of cracks in the rock structure.
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Fault Scarp
A series of cracks where one side has been lifted up to for steep edge or cliff.
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Millstone Grit
A type of very hard, very complicated sandstone.
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Slate
A metamorphic rock, hardened from heating muds.
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Schist
A very hard rock formed by even further metamorphic of slate.
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Marble
Formed from heating limestone.
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Scree
Broken rock found at the base of cliffs from eroded rocks.
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Weathering
The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of solid rock by the action of weather- e.g from, rain or plants.
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Slope Processes
Causes mass movement of soil creep.
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Rockfall
A form of mass movement where fragments of rock fall freely from a cliff face.
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Landslides
A paid mass movement of rock fragments and solid under the influences of gravity.
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Undulating
A landscape that is gently hilly.
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Anticline
When the rock strata are folded in this way by tectonic action. Making a bump like shape in the layers under ground.
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Uplands
The high hilly mountainous areas of Britain, e.g. Scottish Highlands.
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Lowlands
The first area of Britain without hills, e.g. Norfolk.
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Igneous
Rocks formed from lava and magma.
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Sedimentary
Rocks formed by sediments eroded from igneous rocks and deposited by rivers, the wind or the sea.
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Metamorphic
Rocks that were heard compressed during volcanic activity.
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Granite
A light grey speckled rock formed from cooling magma.
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Basalt
A dark heavy rock formed from cooling lavas.
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Chalk
A pue form of limestone.
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Carboniferous limestone
Limestone formed 250-350 million years ago in Britain.
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Clay
A soft rock formed from muds
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Sandstone
A rock formed from grains of sand.
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Chemical weathering
Weathering done by chemicals in the rain dissolving the rock.
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Biological weathering
Weathering done by plants breaking cracks in rocks apart by their root structures.
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Dry valley
During ice ages, water in chalk areas froze so the chalk was no longer permeable. Rivers flowed along the surface- when the ice melted, the river diappeared under the ground, leaving dry river valleys on the surface.
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Soil creep
The slow gradual movement down slopes of soil, ice or scree.
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Escarpments
A continuous line of steeps slopes above a gentle dip slope caused by the erosion of alternate strata.
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Dip Slope
A gentle slope following the angle of rock strata, found behind escarpments.
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Till
Sediment deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets.
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Nodules
Pieces of hard rock, such as flint/ chert found inside of softer rocks such as clay.
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