Geography- The Drainage Basin key words/phrases

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  • Created by: izzyc_
  • Created on: 19-09-22 20:50
drainage basin
an area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries
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water (hydrological) cycle
the constant recycling of water between sea, air and land
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input
any source of moisture reaching the ground e.g rain, hail, sleet or snow (precipitation)
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stores
How water is stored or held for a period of time within the drainage basin system
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transfers/flows
A process or flow of water from one place to another in the drainage basin system
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outputs
How the water is released either back to the
sea or back into the atmosphere
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percipitation
rain, hail, sleet or snow
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interception(by vegetation)
when precipitation is caught on the leaves
of plants
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surface storage
water held of the surface of the ground in puddles, lakes etc
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soil moisture storage
water held in the soils pore spaces
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groundwater storage
water held in the rock
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surface run-off
the movement of water across the surface
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permeable
a material allowing liquids or gases to pass through it e.g. grass, mud etc
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impermeable
a material that doesn't allow liquid to pass
through e.g. tarmac, concrete etc
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infiltration
the downwards movement of water through
into the soil
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throughflow
the sideways (lateral) movement movement
of water through the soil
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percolation
the downward movement of water into underlying rocks if they are permeable
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groundwater flow
the sideways (lateral) movement of water through the rocks
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river discharge
the volume of water passing a given point in
a river in a given time
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transpiration
the loss of moisture from vegetation which
has travelled through root, stems &
leaves
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evaporation
the loss of moisture directly from rivers, lakes or the ground surface
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evapotranspiration
the loss of moisture from the system via evaporation & transpiration
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Watershed
The boundary between one drainage basin and anothersource
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Source
The starting point of a river
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Tributary
A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river
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channel
the area of land that holds the river
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river mouth
the end of the river where it meets the sea,
ocean, or lake
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confluence
the point where two rivers meet
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gradient
the slope over which the river looses height
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depth
the distance of the surface of a river to
the river bed
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width
the measurement from one river bank to
the other across a river channel
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discharge
the amount of water in a river channel passed a given point at a given time
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load
the sediment carried by a river, ranging from
silt to pebbles
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erosion
the wearing away of the river channel by the
flow of water causing it to become deeper
and wider
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transportation
material in the river (load) being carried downstream
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deposition
Deposition is the processes by which a river
drops or deposits the material it is carrying
(load) either in the river channel or on
floodplains.
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attrition
material is moved along the river bed, collides
with other material and breaks up into smaller
and more rounded pieces
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hydraulic action
the force of the water hitting the banks of the river. it wears them down and causes them to collapse
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abrasion/corrasion
fine material rubbing against the river bank.
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solution/corrosion
a form of chemical erosion. the banks and
bed of the river are dissolved by acids in
the water
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traction
the rolling of large boulders/load along the
river bed
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saltation
when the load bounces along the river bed
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suspension
when the load is carried by the flow of the river
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solution(method of transportation)
when the load is dissolved and carried in the
river
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plunge pool
A plunge pool is found at the bottom of a
waterfall and is formed by erosion. As water
drops over the waterfall then hits the
ground beneath, it causes erosion, which
forms a pool.
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meander
a bend in the river formed due to differences
in velocity
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slip-off slope
a landform that occurs due to deposition on the
inside bank of a meandering river
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floodplain
an area of low-lying ground next to a river,
formed mainly of river sediments and subject
to flooding
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levee
an embankment alongside a river, produced naturally by sedimentation or constructed
by man to prevent flooding
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the constant recycling of water between sea, air and land

Back

water (hydrological) cycle

Card 3

Front

any source of moisture reaching the ground e.g rain, hail, sleet or snow (precipitation)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

How water is stored or held for a period of time within the drainage basin system

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A process or flow of water from one place to another in the drainage basin system

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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