The precipitation that falls on the vegetation surfaces or human made cover and is temporarily stored on these surfaces
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Overland flow
The tendency of water to flow horizontally across land surfaces when rainfall has exceeded the infiltration capacity of the soil and all surface stores are full or overflowing
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Run off
A ll the water that enters a river channel and eventually flows out of the drainage basin
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Stemflow
The portion of precipitation intercepted by the canopy that reaches the ground by flowing down stems, stalks or tree bark
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Throughfall
The proportion of precipitation that reaches the ground directly through gaps int he vegetation canopy and drips from leaves and stem
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Throughflow
The movement of water down slope through the subsoil under the influence of gravity. It is particularly effective when underlying permeable rock prevents further downward movement - NOT RIVERS
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Drainage basin
This is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. It includes water found on the surface, in the soil and in near - surface geology
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Water balance (budget)
Within the drainage basin, the balance between inputs and outputs
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Potential evapotranspiration
The amount of water that could be evaporated or transpired from an area if there was sufficient water available
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Base flow
the level of discharge in a river before the storm event. This comes largely from groundwater and throughflow and can be regarded as the rivers 'normal' discharge
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Falling limb
The section of the hydrograph that shows the decrease in discharge following a storm after the peak has occurred
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Discharge
The volume of water flowing past a given point in a river, usually measured in cubic meters per second
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Infiltration
The movement of rain water into the soil
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Lag time
The time difference between the peak rainfall and the peak discharge
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Photosynthesis
Plants use energy from the sun and combine with co2 from the atmosphere with water from the soil to form carbohydrates.
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Respiration
Plants release co2 back to the atmosphere due to respiration . In soil respiration, microscopic organisms living in the soil also release co2 through respiration
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Decomposition
The process of decomposition by fungi and bacteria returns co2 to the atmosphere.
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Combustion
Fossil fules contain carbon captured by living organisms over periods of millions of years and stored in the Earth's crust. Since the industrial revolution these fuels have been mined and combusted and serve as a primary energy source.
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Carbon sequestration
the capture of carbon from the atmosphere and placing it in long term storage
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Ocean acidification
Dissolving co2 in the ocean creates carbonic acid, which increases the acidity of the water.
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Enhanced greenhouse effect
The impact on the climate from the additional heat retained due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that humans have released into the earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution
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Mitigation
Refers to any method used to reduce or prevent the emissions of greenhouse gases
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The tendency of water to flow horizontally across land surfaces when rainfall has exceeded the infiltration capacity of the soil and all surface stores are full or overflowing
Back
Overland flow
Card 3
Front
A ll the water that enters a river channel and eventually flows out of the drainage basin
Back
Card 4
Front
The portion of precipitation intercepted by the canopy that reaches the ground by flowing down stems, stalks or tree bark
Back
Card 5
Front
The proportion of precipitation that reaches the ground directly through gaps int he vegetation canopy and drips from leaves and stem
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