geography coastal landforms
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- Created by: lucyallinson1
- Created on: 17-04-17 14:12
what are beaches made up of
eroded material that has been transported form elsewhere, and deposited by the sea
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what type of waves help to build up beaches
constructive waves
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what does the material found on the beach depend on
it depends on the geology of the area and the wave energy
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what is the cross section of a beach called
the beach profile
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what berms
the shingle ridges often found towards the back of the beach
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the material found on a beach varies in size and type as you in what direction from the shoreline
move further away from the shoreline
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the smallest material is deposited where
near the water
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the larger material is found where
found near to the cliffs at the back of the beach
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larger material is deposited where at times of high energy e.g. a storm
at the back of the beach
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where do mosts waves break
near the shoreline
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sediment near the waters effectively broken down by what
by attrition
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what type of profiles do sandy beaches have
gently sloping profiles
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what type of profiles do shingle and pebble beaches have
steeper profiles
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what is a spit
a spit is an extended stretch of beach material that projects out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end
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spits are created by what
deposition
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where are spits formed
where the prevailing winds at an angle to the coastline
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resulting in what
longshore drift
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whats an example of a spit
spurn head, found along the holders coast in humberside
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how does a spit develop
longshore drift moves material along the coastline, a spit is formed when the material is deposited
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how is a hook developed
the spit grows and develops a hook, if wind direction changes further out
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when waves cannot get past a spit, what is created
a sheltered area, where a silt is deposited
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what forms
mud flats or salt marshes
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what is a tombolo
a spit connecting an island to the mainland
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whats an example of a tombolo
chesil beach
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what has formed behind the stretch of beach material
lagoons
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what is the most common feature of a coastline
a cliff
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what are shapes shaped through
a combination of erosion and weathering
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what is weathering
Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface, by weather conditions
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soft rock erodes easily to create what type of cliffs
gently sloping cliffs
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hard rock erodes slowly erodes to create what type of cliffs
steep cliffs
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give an example of soft rock
sand and clay
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give an example of hard rock
chalk
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how is a wave cut platform created
weather weakens the top of the cliff, the sea attacks the base of the cliff forming a wave-cut notch, the notch increases in size causing the cliff to collapse, the backwash carries the rubble towards the sea forming a wave cut platform
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how are headlands formed
when the sea attacks a section of the coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock, the soft rock erodes leaving hard rock jutting out into the sea
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how are bays formed
the areas where soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland are called bays
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what is geology
the study of the types of rocks that make up the earth crust
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what is a discordant coastline
coastlines where the geology alternates between strata or bands of hard rock and soft rock are called discordant coastlines
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a concordant coastline
a coastline has the same type of rock along it length
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what type of coastline tends to have fewer bays and headlands
a concordant coastline
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what creates caves, arches, stacks, and stumps along the headland
weathering and erosion
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how do caves occur
caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face, this process that causes a cave is called hydraulic action
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how is an arch formed
if a cave is formed at a headland, it may eventually break through to the other side forming an arch
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how is a stack formed
when the arch will gradually become bigger, until it can no longer support the top of the arch, when the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side, and a stack on the other
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how is a stump formed
the stack is attacked at the base, it will eventually collapse to form a stump
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what type of waves help to build up beaches
Back
constructive waves
Card 3
Front
what does the material found on the beach depend on
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the cross section of a beach called
Back
Card 5
Front
what berms
Back
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