A section of DNA that codes for a protein, the proteins of an organism determine the phenotype and characteristics
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Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
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Genotype
The actual pair of alleles that an organism has for each particular gene, written as letters to show the alleles present (e.g. ** ** **)
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Phenotype
The characteristics of an organism which depends on genotype and can be modified by environmental factors, written as a description (e.g. black fur, brown hair)
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Dominant Allele
The allele that will be expressed in the phenotype, even in the presence of a different allele
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Recessive Allele
The allele that will only be expressed in the phenotype when it is paired with another identical recessive allele
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Codominant Alleles
Alleles that are equally expressed in the phenotype
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Multiple Alleles
More than two alleles exist for a particular gene/characteristic but an individual can only inherit two alleles on their homologous pair of chromosomes
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Sex-linked Allele
An allele carried on the X chromosomes (gender is also part of the phenotype)
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Homozygous
The condition where both alleles for a particular gene/characteristic are the same
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Heterozygous
The condition where both alleles for a particular gene/characteristic are different
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Pure Breeding Individual
Homozygous for particular gene/characteristic
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F1 Generation
The first generation of offspring produced from a cross of pure breeding parents
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F2 Generation
The second generation of offspring produced from pure breeding, comes from interbreeding the offspring of the F1 generation
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Monohybrid Cross
One pair of alleles being inherited from parents (one gene on one pair of homologous chromosome/ one phenotypic characteristic)
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Dihybrid Cross
Two pairs of alleles being inherited from parents (two genes on one pair of homologous chromosomes/two phenotypic characteristic)
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Test Cross/Recessive Back Cross
Cross an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the unknown individual by looking at offspring phenotypes
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Epistasis
One gene (pair of alleles) influences the expression of a different gene (pair of alleles) on a different chromosome
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Pedigree Diagram
Represents a "family tree" ;shows inheritance of an allele through many generations
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Different forms of the same gene
Back
Alleles
Card 3
Front
The actual pair of alleles that an organism has for each particular gene, written as letters to show the alleles present (e.g. ** ** **)
Back
Card 4
Front
The characteristics of an organism which depends on genotype and can be modified by environmental factors, written as a description (e.g. black fur, brown hair)
Back
Card 5
Front
The allele that will be expressed in the phenotype, even in the presence of a different allele
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