General Definitions AS Chem 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryASOCR Created by: une-meduseCreated on: 30-05-13 15:35 A species with an unpaired electron Radical 1 of 19 Nuclophile An electron pair donor 2 of 19 An electron pair donor Nucleophile 3 of 19 An electron pair acceptor An electrophile 4 of 19 The ease of a liquid to turn into a gas, this increases as boiling point increases Volatility 5 of 19 The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry Reflux 6 of 19 The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water Esterification 7 of 19 For esterification, the conditions required are Heat and a concentrated acid catalyst, usually H2SO4 8 of 19 An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to produce an unsaturated molecule Dehydration 9 of 19 For dehydration, the reaction conditions are conc H3PO4 and heat or Concentrated H2SO4, heat 10 of 19 Halogen atoms are ____ electronegative than carbon atoms More 11 of 19 The electronegativity _____ down the group of halogens Decreases 12 of 19 A reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds Hydrolysis 13 of 19 The rates of hydrolysis for halogenoalkanes can be determined using the experiment Heated with aqueous silver nitrate with ethanol 14 of 19 Atom economy = (Molecular mass of desired/Molecular mass of all) * 100 15 of 19 % yield = (Actual amount in mol of product/Theoretical amount in mol of product) * 100 16 of 19 This tells you the efficiency of converting reactants into products Percentage yield 17 of 19 Tells you the proportion of desired products compared with all the products formed Atom economy 18 of 19 The amount of vibration caused in covalent bonds depends on 3 things The bond strength, then bond length, the mass of each atom involved in the bond 19 of 19
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