Cellular Control

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  • Created by: Taehgan
  • Created on: 16-02-18 10:15
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a random change to genetic material. Some mutations involve changes to the structure or number of chromosomes.
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What is a gene mutation?
A gene mutation is a change to the DNA.
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What are the 2 types of gene mutation?
Point mutation and Insertion or Deletion mutation.
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What is a Point mutation?
One base pair replaces (is substituted for) another.
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What are the 3 types of Point mutation?
Silent, Missense and Nonsense.
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What is a Silent mutation?
A point mutation involving a change to the base triplet, where that triplet still codes for the same amino acid.
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What is a Missense mutation?
A change to the base triplet sequence that leads to a change in the amino acid sequence in a protein.
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What is a Nonsense mutation?
A point mutation that alters a base triplet so that it becomes a termination (stop) triplet.
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What is an Insertion mutation?
One or more nucleotides are inserted into a length of DNA. This may cause a frameshift.
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What is a Deletion mutation?
One or more nucleotides are deleted from a length of DNA. This may cause a frameshift.
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What is an Expanding Triple Nucleotide Repeat?
A sequence of three nucleotides that is repeated too many times in a section of a gene.
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Give an example of an Expanding Triple Nucleotide and the disease it causes.
-CAG- Causes Huntington disease when the CAG sequence exceed a certain critical number.
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Give an example of a mutation that isn't harmful.
The mutation that gave rise to blue eyes (enabled people to see better in less bright light) 2)
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Give 2 example of neutral mutations.
1) Inability to smell certain flowers 2) Differently shaped ear lobes
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What is an Exon?
The coding, or expressed, region of a gene.
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What is an Intron?
The non-coding region of a gene.
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What is an operon?
A group of genes that function as a single transcription unit.
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What is a Transcription factor?
Protein or short non-coding RNA that can combine with a specific site on a length of DNA and inhibit or activate transcription of a gene.
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What 2 enzymes does the presence of lactose induce the production if?
1) Lactose permease; which allows lactose to enter the bacterial cell 2) B- Galactosidase; which hydrolyses lactose to glucose and galactose
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Card 2

Front

What is a gene mutation?

Back

A gene mutation is a change to the DNA.

Card 3

Front

What are the 2 types of gene mutation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a Point mutation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the 3 types of Point mutation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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