2.1.1 Cell Structure Key Words 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyCellular processes and structureA2/A-levelOCR Created by: JcartwrightCreated on: 08-10-16 15:57 Cytoplasm Gel-like matrix within the cell membrane that contains the cytosol and organelles and is the main site of cellular reactions 1 of 27 Plasma Membrane Phospholipid bi-layer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell 2 of 27 Cell Wall Permeable structure made of cellulose that strengthens and supports the cell 3 of 27 Nucleus Membrane-bound organelle that holds DNA and controls cellular functions such as growth. Surrounded by the nuclear envelope 4 of 27 Nucleolus Synthesises rRNA in order to build ribosomes and is composed of protein and RNA 5 of 27 Nuclear Membrane Double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus and separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm 6 of 27 Ribosome Membrane-bound organelle that is the centre for protein synthesis. Composed of rRNA 7 of 27 Lysosome Membrane-bound organelle that is produced in the Golgi and contains hydrolytic enzymes. Engulfs old organelles and recycles constituent components 8 of 27 Chromosome Linear strands of DNA that is in the form of chromatin. Only visible in cellular division 9 of 27 Chromatin A complex formed by the addition of histones to DNA 10 of 27 Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane-bound network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm, continuous with the nuclear membrane 11 of 27 Rough ER Endoplasmic Reticulum with embedded ribosomes used for the production and transport of proteins 12 of 27 Smooth ER Endoplasmic Reticulum responsible for the transportation of molecules and modification of lipids 13 of 27 Golgi Apparatus Membrane-bound organelle reponsible for the modification and packaging of proteins for exocytosis 14 of 27 Cytoskeleton Filament protein structure that gives the cell its shape and stability and is used in the transport of various molecules by transport proteins 15 of 27 Microtubule Filament about 25nm in diameter and is one of the three proteins that make up the cytoskeleton 16 of 27 Microfilament Filament about 6nm in diameter and made up of actin 17 of 27 Intermediate Filament Filament about 10nm in diameter and made up of a number of different proteins 18 of 27 Spindle Apparatus Involved in moving and segregating the chromosomes during nuclear division 19 of 27 Mitochondrion Double membrane-bound organelle responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate 20 of 27 Chloroplast Double membrane-bound organelle responsible for photosynthesis 21 of 27 Vesicle Membrane- bound organelle responsible for storage and transportation of cellular products 22 of 27 Centriole Nine triplets of peripheral microtubules in 9+0 arrangement make up a centriole which is essential in the formation of the spindle apparatus 23 of 27 Flagellum Formed of flagellin with the primary responsibility of locomotion 24 of 27 Cilium Hair-like projection that can either be motile (for locomotion) or non-motile (for sensory purposes), all have the microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement 25 of 27 Undulipodium Motile filamentous extracellular projection of eukaryotic cells with fillaments in a 9+2 arrangement 26 of 27 Plasmodesma A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows transportation and communication between them 27 of 27
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