Believed that male language was the "norm". Deficit
1 of 16
Robin Lakoff (1975)
madee claims with no statistical evidence that women use deficient language e.g. hedges, empty adjectives, super-polite forms, avoding taboo, tag Qs, indirect requests, emphasis (italics). Deficit)
2 of 16
Zimmerman and West (1975)
overlaps in couples. Interruptions (7 in smae sex; 48 in mixed) - 98% from men.
3 of 16
Spender (1980)
radical view that language structures sustaim male power. used Zimmerman and West's work. claimed it was difficult to challenge this power system, as the way we thing of the world is part of, and reinforces, this male power.
4 of 16
Jenny Cheshire (1982)
grammatical variations of speech in young children - overall boys used the non-standard froms more frequently than girls. belived that the
5 of 16
Pamela Fishman (1983)
looked at tag questions and agreed with Lakof that women use more, but use them to spark conversation - CONVERSATIONAL SHITWORK
6 of 16
Deborah Tannen (1991)
published 6 contrasts between male and female language: status/support; independence/intimacy; advice/understanding; information/feelings; order/proposal/conflict/compromise
7 of 16
Peter Trudgill (1974)
looked at language and social class. Found men less likely and women more likely to use prestige
8 of 16
Jennifer Coates (1989)
girls and boys belong to the same-sex friendships growing up = different styles of speaking . female language in same-sex conversations are co-operative, use tag Q's and modality (must, may, could, would etc)
9 of 16
Deborah Jones (1990)
Studies women's oral culture: House talk = exchanging info connected to female role as an occupation; scandal = judging behaviour of others esp women; Bitching = overt expression of anger at restricted role and inferior status; chatting = gossip
10 of 16
Jane Pilkington (1992)
women in same-sex conversations were collaborative and use positive politeness strategies; men were less ...collaborative, complimentary or supportive
11 of 16
Deborah Tannen (2008)
language and gender is "the greatest myth of out time". argues that stereotypes have shaped out expectations
12 of 16
Janet Hyde (2005)
"gender similarities hypothesis" = more similarities than differences in gender language and differences were due to other factors
13 of 16
Talbot (2010)
"Gender...is socially constructed. people acquire characteristics which are perceived as 'masculine' or 'feminine'"
14 of 16
Judith Butler (1990)
"Gender Performativity Theory" - "we act and walk and speak and talk in ways that consolidate an impression of being a man or a woman" - not biologicall constructed, but conform to society
15 of 16
O'Barr and Atkins (1980)
courtroom speeches - language differences are not based on gender but on situation-specific authority or power
16 of 16
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
madee claims with no statistical evidence that women use deficient language e.g. hedges, empty adjectives, super-polite forms, avoding taboo, tag Qs, indirect requests, emphasis (italics). Deficit)
Back
Robin Lakoff (1975)
Card 3
Front
overlaps in couples. Interruptions (7 in smae sex; 48 in mixed) - 98% from men.
Back
Card 4
Front
radical view that language structures sustaim male power. used Zimmerman and West's work. claimed it was difficult to challenge this power system, as the way we thing of the world is part of, and reinforces, this male power.
Back
Card 5
Front
grammatical variations of speech in young children - overall boys used the non-standard froms more frequently than girls. belived that the
Comments
No comments have yet been made