Language and Technology

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  • Created by: Briony98
  • Created on: 23-04-17 21:37
Asynchronous Communication
Communication that is not instantaneous.
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Synchronous Communication
Communication which is instantaneous, happens in real time.
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Ellipsis
Leaving a word out of a sentence.
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Elision
Leaving a letter out of a word.
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Shared Knowledge
A lexeme made up of initial letters from other words that can be pronounced as a word.
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Initialism
A lexeme made up from initial letters that cannot be pronounced as a word.
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Clipping
A lexeme where a morpheme (like a suffix/prefix) has been removed (clipped).
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Phonological Spelling
A lexeme that has been spelt as it sounds.
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Number Homophone
A number which replaces a word/letter.
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Letter Homophone
A letter which replaces a word.
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Fairclough (Theorist)
Believed that computers imitate human interaction, and allow you to 'take turns', like having drop down menus.
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Werry (Theorist)
That in internet chat people use more letters than necessary to imitate speech or semantic nuance, and that text and email are like talk as people take turns and it can be informal.
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Carrington, Crystal (Theorists)
Linguistic compression is used in text - vowel depletion, phonetic spelling etc.
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Shegloff (Theorist)
Canonical openings are how most telephone conversations start.
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Sinclair (Theorist)
Compressed English is how small ads are written.
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Brown and Levinson (Theorist)
Positive politeness - showing we admire someone, negative politeness - avoiding intruding on others, synchronous communication - internet chat, asynchronous communication - email/texting.
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Chandler (Theorist)
Identities are constantly 'under construction', as we choose subconsciously or otherwise, how to present ourselves online.
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Haraway (Theorist)
Idea of a cyborg body which had a free flowing consciousness that allowed people to move beyond different physical markers, like gender, race and disability.
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Hall (Theorist)
Rather than neutralising gender, the electronic medium encourages its intensification in the absence of the physical, users exaggerate societal notions of masculinity or femininity to try and gender themselves.
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Goffman (Theorist)
That communication can be split into 'system constraints' (nature of any tech used) and 'ritual constraints' (conventions of language community in question).
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Treatments of 'new' language
Thurlow (2003): sociolinguistic maxims lie behind language choices, like need for speed and brevity. Goddard (2011) how 'cries' like laughter and conveyed in real time and asynchronous writing.
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Texting
Understandable language, with lexical choices made by individuals. Registers affected by audiences, purposes and context. Linguistic compression e.g. initialism, letter/number homophone. Focus on communication over grammar.
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Phone Conversations
Have canonical openings - vary, but similar. Fillers keep turns, politeness features of taking turns. Overlapping - enthusiasm or disruptive/dominant. Spontaneous and often colloquial.
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Pre-Recorded Messages
Pauses used to stimulate natural speech, emphasis used for key words in attempt to facilitate comprehension. Imperatives used to give clear instructions, mitigated for politeness.
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Digital Native
A person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and so familiar with computers and the internet from an early age.
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Digital Immigrant
A person born or brought up before the widespread use of digital technology.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Communication which is instantaneous, happens in real time.

Back

Synchronous Communication

Card 3

Front

Leaving a word out of a sentence.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Leaving a letter out of a word.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A lexeme made up of initial letters from other words that can be pronounced as a word.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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