Difference Model- Deborah Tannen (You look different, did you get a tan)
Orders vs Proposals, Conflict vs Compromise, Independence vs Intimacy, Advice vs Understanding, Information vs Feelings, Status vs Support
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Deficit Model- Robin Lakoff (1975)
Male language is stronger because women are socialised into behaving like 'ladies'. Features of a women's speech: -Hedges -Avoid coarse language -Tag questions -Lack of humour -Apologise more -Speak less frequently -Empty adjective - Speak in italics
2 of 8
Diversity Model- Deborah Cameron (2008)
- Gender theorists reinforce untrue stereotypes - Women are expected to behave in a certain way= 'Verbal Hygiene' in speech
3 of 8
Diversity Model- Janet Hyde (2005)
- Created the gender similarities hypothesis -Any differences are due to other variables - More similarities than differences
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Dominance Model- Zimmerman and West (1975)
- Men interrupt more in mixed-sex conversation - Their study group was nnot broad enough as was all white, middle-class under 35 year olds - This can be depndent on date, context, topic, etc.
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Dominance Model- Dale Spender
- We still believe we are in a patriarchal society so men have more power
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Dominance Model- Fishman
- Conversation fails because men do not respond or they respond badly - Not due to anything inherent
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O'Barr and Atkins- Courtroom Study
- Found that men in a courtroom speak how women do when the men are in powerless situations - Opposes Lakoff as women in power do not use the features of a womens speech when they are in powerful situation - Language use is dependent on power
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Male language is stronger because women are socialised into behaving like 'ladies'. Features of a women's speech: -Hedges -Avoid coarse language -Tag questions -Lack of humour -Apologise more -Speak less frequently -Empty adjective - Speak in italics
Back
Deficit Model- Robin Lakoff (1975)
Card 3
Front
- Gender theorists reinforce untrue stereotypes - Women are expected to behave in a certain way= 'Verbal Hygiene' in speech
Back
Card 4
Front
- Created the gender similarities hypothesis -Any differences are due to other variables - More similarities than differences
Back
Card 5
Front
- Men interrupt more in mixed-sex conversation - Their study group was nnot broad enough as was all white, middle-class under 35 year olds - This can be depndent on date, context, topic, etc.
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