GCSE Psychology Paper 2: Criminal Psychology

1 - 11: punishments for criminal offenders 12 - 17: learning theory one 18 - 25: learning theory two 26 - 27: biological learning theories 28 - 31: Eysenck’s personality theory 32 - 44: treatment programmes

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A type of punishment for criminal offenders (two words) which involves an offender meeting up/communicating with the victim
Restorative Justice
1 of 44
How likely a prisoner is to reoffend (key term)
Recidivism
2 of 44
A weakness of prisons is that it raises _______ ______ as civil liberties are removed from the offenders
Ethical issues
3 of 44
Community service can involve voluntary work or ______ work, such as litter picking
Unpaid
4 of 44
An example of work under community sentencing is ________ community buildings
Painting
5 of 44
Under a community sentence, an offender may be given a ______, be restricted from certain areas or have the report to a community service manager
Curfew
6 of 44
A strength of community sentencing is that community sentences can act as ________ _____________ for the offender as they have avoided a custodial sentence.
Negative reinforcement
7 of 44
A weakness of community sentencing is that some people view it as a ____ option as the recidivism rate is over 30%
Soft
8 of 44
Restorative justice is held in a neutral environment and involves a ___________ in order to reduce distress
Facilitator
9 of 44
A strength of restorative justice is that there is a high ______ ____________ rate of roughly 85%
Victim satisfaction
10 of 44
A weakness of restorative justice is that it can cause ________ to both the victim and the offender, hence why a neutral environment is used
Distress
11 of 44
The name of the learning theory (one) which proposes we learn from the consequences of actions (two words)
Operant conditioning
12 of 44
________ punishment is receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour so that we do not repeat it
Positive
13 of 44
________ reinforcement is the avoidance of something unpleasant so that we do it again
Negative
14 of 44
A _______ reinforcer satisfies biological need
Primary
15 of 44
A strength to learning theory one is that it can explain a wide range of crimes. For example, it explains theft and how social approval can act as ________ reinforcement within groups
Positive
16 of 44
A weakness of learning theory one is that it neglects other factors that can cause criminal behaviour, such as ___________ type of genetics
Personality
17 of 44
______ learning theory (two) suggests that behaviour is learnt through the observation and imitation of a role model
Social
18 of 44
_________ reinforcement is having the motivation to model the behaviour of others who we see being rewarded for their behaviour
Vicarious
19 of 44
_________ is when we learn a new behaviour through paying attention to, retaining and reproducing the behaviour of a role model
Modelling
20 of 44
The identification and modelling process is as follows: attention, retention, ____________, motivation, identification
Reproduction
21 of 44
If a person is exposed to a criminal role model, they are ____ likely to model the behaviour that they have seen
More
22 of 44
A strength to learning theory two is that there is supportive evidence from _______, who conducted a series of experiments that exposed nursery-aged children to aggressive role models. He found that aggression was copied, particularly if the role model wa
Bandura
23 of 44
A weakness to learning theory two is that some criminal behaviour cannot be explained by observational learning, such as ______
Murder
24 of 44
Another weakness to learning theory two is that it is _________ to test the long term effects of exposure to aggression.
Unethical
25 of 44
Early theories suggested that criminals had certain ________ characteristics which were an indication of the crimes they may commit
Physical
26 of 44
Hutchings and Mednick (1975):
21% of adoptive children who committed a crime had a __________ father who was convicted
10% of children had a _________ father who was not convicted but their adoptive father had a criminal record
Biological
27 of 44
The personality trait from Eysenck’s personality theory which is thought to lack empathy
Psychoticism
28 of 44
The personality trait from Eysenck’s personality theory which is thought to show nervous disposition
Neuroticism
29 of 44
A weakness to the personality theory is that it assumes that personality traits are “_____ and stable”
Fixed
30 of 44
A strength to the personality theory is that there is supporting evidence that criminals have ______ PEN scores
Higher
31 of 44
Token _______ programmes are designed to reduce antisocial behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour
Economy
32 of 44
Tokens are a form of _________ reinforcers
Secondary
33 of 44
A strength to the programme is that there is evidence of a short term increase in _________ behaviour within prisons
Prosocial
34 of 44
Another strength to this programme is that it is fairly __________ as they can be administered by prison staff
Economical
35 of 44
A weakness to this programme is that it is unlikely to reduce __________ as similar tokens are not found in real life, so prosocial behaviour is likely to be limited to the prison setting
Recidivism
36 of 44
Another weakness this programme is that failure of the staff to administer the tokens can result in __________ behaviour, as there are other sources of reinforcement from inmates which may be more encouraging
Antisocial
37 of 44
_____ management programmes are designed as a form of rehabilitation for offenders who have committed violent crimes due to their _____
Anger
38 of 44
The first stage of this programme is _________ preparation, which is where an offender had to reflect on their own anger
Cognitive
39 of 44
The second stage of this programme is skills ___________ which is where an offender will learn new skills such as assertiveness training
Acquisition
40 of 44
The third stage of this programme is ___________ practice, which involves role playing anger-triggering situations
Application
41 of 44
A strength to this programme is that offenders are _________ selected to receive anger management
Carefully
42 of 44
A weakness of this programme is that it assumes that there is a link between anger and _______ crimes
Violent
43 of 44
Another weakness of this programme is that offenders can abuse the programme. Marnie Rice (1997) suggested that ___________ were more likely to abuse the programme and use their new skills to reoffend.
Psychopaths
44 of 44

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How likely a prisoner is to reoffend (key term)

Back

Recidivism

Card 3

Front

A weakness of prisons is that it raises _______ ______ as civil liberties are removed from the offenders

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Community service can involve voluntary work or ______ work, such as litter picking

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

An example of work under community sentencing is ________ community buildings

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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