What was the tactic the French used to try and lure the Royal Navy out of the Channel?
Risk theory
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When was the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
1797
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Who led the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Admiral John Jervis
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What happened during the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
British cut the Spanish line, were outnumbered, Spanish ships tried to escape, Nelson prevented this
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What was Nelson's role in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Moved out of the line (not acting on orders) to prevent Spanish ships from escaping, and boarded one ship using another as a bridge
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How did Nelson's reputation improve after the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Received a knighthood, and publicised 'Nelson's Patent Bridge for Boarding First Rates'
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Who was Nelson's special friend who fought with him in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Cuthbert Collingwood
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When was the Battle of the Nile?
1798
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Where was the Battle of the Nile?
Aboukir Bay
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What happened at the Battle of the Nile?
French ships were anchored with ropes between them to prevent the line from breaking. Nelson sailed between the land and the French ships and attacked
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Why was it relatively easy to defeat the French at Battle of the Nile?
The French troops had disembarked into Egypt
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What were the consequences of the Battle of the Nile?
Increased Nelson's fame, left Napoleon stranded in Egypt, secured the Mediterranean (therefore also Egypt and India), and inspired other countries to join the Second Coalition
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When was the Battle of Copenhagen?
1801
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Why did the Battle of Copenhagen happen?
Russia forced Denmark into the League of Armed Neutrality to protect neutral merchant shipping from British blockades
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Why did the British need to trade with Denmark?
Had good quality oak and other shipping materials which Britain needed
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Who led the Battle of Copenhagen?
Admiral Hyde Parker
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Why didn't the Russians support the Danes at the Battle of Copenhagen?
Baltic ice prevented Russian intervention
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What did Nelson famously do at the Battle of Copenhagen?
Disobeyed an order to retreat
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Copenhagen?
Nelson eventually prevailed and forced the crown prince to negotiate under the threat of destroying his fleet
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Why was the Battle of Copenhagen a hard battle to fight?
Copenhagen was well-fortified
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Why was the Battle of Copenhagen completely unnecessary?
Tsar Paul I, who implemented the League of Armed Neutrality, died a week before the battle
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Copenhagen for Nelson?
Control of the Baltic fleet
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How did Nelson prepare for the Battle of Trafalgar?
Discussed battle plans with his captains and agreed a simple strategy
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What was the battle plan for the the Battle of Trafalgar?
Collingwood would break the line first, then Nelson would break it in a different place to create small skirmishes
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Why was it beneficial to create small skirmishes in sea battles?
The British had greater firepower and a faster rate of fire, so skirmishes would prevent heavy damage and allow rapid British success
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What were the outcomes of the Battle of Trafalgar?
No British ships lost, many French and Spanish ships destroyed or captured, no more serious sea battles- British naval supremacy
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What was the impact of the Battle of Trafalgar for Nelson?
Died during the battle and was mourned by the country
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What was the signal sent from the Victory before the Battle of Trafalgar?
England expects that every man will do his duty
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Why was British fire superior to French fire?
British had faster flintlocks, and the French had slower linstocks which delayed fire
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What was Nelson's motto for battles
'Straight at them'
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Why did Nelson allow boarding?
Improve morale with prize money
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What was Nelson's main tactic?
One initial crushing force in the centre of the enemy line, followed by two smaller forces to cut the line in 2 places and prevent enemy ships supporting the centre
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How did Nelson establish good relationships with captains? (3)
Planned battles with them, allowed initiative, rarely used signals as these were often confusing
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How did Nelson prepare for battles long before they happened?
Sailed with ships in formation
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In what ways were Nelson's punishments fair? (2)
Required evidence of the offence, and provided medical care after flogging
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How did Nelson engage with his men? (2)
Fought with them on deck, often led boarding parties
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What made Nelson popular with the men? (3)
Compromised with captains, increased rations of rum and food, increased shore leave
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How did Nelson ensure successful boarding?
Selected marines himself
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How did Nelson ensure rapid rates of fire?
Practised with gun crews, gave bonuses for high rates of fire
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How was Nelson able to manipulate the navy to his advantage in different conditions? (2)
Had a talent for weather prediction, knew the capabilities of his ships well
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When was the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Back
1797
Card 3
Front
Who led the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happened during the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Back
Card 5
Front
What was Nelson's role in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
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