First Year Morphology

?
What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of language that has its own meaning.
1 of 47
What is a word?
One or more morphemes that can stand alone in language.
2 of 47
What is a lexeme?
The dictionary entry of a word, including all the grammatical realisations.
3 of 47
What is Lexeme Formation (derivation)?
Forming new lexemes from old ones.
4 of 47
What can Lexeme Formation do?
Change the category of a word and/or add new meaning to a word.
5 of 47
What are derivational morphemes?
Used to create new lexemes.
6 of 47
What are inflectional morphemes?
Used to add grammatical information to existing morphemes.
7 of 47
What are examples of inflectional morphemes?
Number, tense, person, case. Does not create new lexemes or change their part of speech.
8 of 47
What is a word form?
The concrete realisation of something.
9 of 47
What is a prefix?
Always attached before the root.
10 of 47
What is a suffix?
Always attached after another morpheme.
11 of 47
What is an infix?
Goes in the middle of a word.
12 of 47
What are free morphemes?
Morphemes that can stand alone.
13 of 47
What are bound morphemes?
Morphemes that must be attached to another morphemes.
14 of 47
What is a homophone?
Same pronunciation but different meaning.
15 of 47
What is a base?
Bases can be bound, and when they are they have more substantial meaning.
16 of 47
What is the root?
Smallest reduction of a lexeme, often bringing about the meaning. Also the reduction to which affixes attach.
17 of 47
What is the stem?
What is left when you remove just inflectional morphemes.
18 of 47
What are allomorphs?
Phonologically different but similar realisations of the same morpheme, with the same meaning.
19 of 47
What are bound bases?
Bases that behave like affixes but are semantically closer to free morphemes.
20 of 47
What are cran morphemes?
Not associated with a clear meaning, but combine with morphemes that do have a clear meaning.
21 of 47
What are pseudo morphemes?
meaning of the lexeme is not clearly related to any of its parts, but there are clear, regular, formal properties. Basically monomorphemic words.
22 of 47
What are the 3 categories of Derivational Morphology?
Compounding, conversion and 'other processes'.
23 of 47
What is compounding?
Puts together two free bases to give rise to a new word. These are usually nouns or adjectives.
24 of 47
Where does the stress usually go on compound words?
On the leftmost mopheme.
25 of 47
How do we test for compounds?
When you have a compound, you cannot insert adjectives in the middle. You can add -s to the end of the compound but not in the middle.
26 of 47
What is recursivity?
When you combine 2 words and they form a unit, and then you can attach more words.
27 of 47
What is important about the rightmost part of a compound?
It is most semantically important, it is the head and determines the semantic type.
28 of 47
What are synthetic / deverbal compounds?
Composed of 2 lexemes, where the head is derived from a verb and the non head is an argument of the verb.
29 of 47
What are root / primary compounds?
Composed of 2 lexemes, where the second is not typically derived from a verb. Semantic relation between head and non-head is quite free.
30 of 47
What are attributive compounds?
The non-head base acts as a modifier of the head.
31 of 47
What are coordinative compounds?
2 elements have equal weight.
32 of 47
What are subordinative compounds?
One element is interpreted as the argument of the other.
33 of 47
What can attributive, coordinative or subordinative compounds be?
Endocentric or exocentric.
34 of 47
What does endocentric mean?
The referent of the compound is the referent of the head.
35 of 47
What does exocentric mean?
The referent of the compound as a whole is not the referent of its head.
36 of 47
What is conversion?
Changing the category of the word.
37 of 47
What are some other processes for word formation?
Coining, Eponyms, Back Formation, Clipping, Acronyms and Initialisms, Blending
38 of 47
How does inflection mark number?
Singular or plural. Usually add -s but can be irregular.
39 of 47
How does inflection mark person?
On verbs. Different endings depending on whether the subject of the sentence is the speaker, hearer or someone else.
40 of 47
How does inflection mark Gender and Noun Class?
Nouns are divided into two or more classes - masc, fem, neut...
41 of 47
How does inflection mark case?
Effects nouns or noun phrases. Distinguished based on whether they function as subject, direct object, indirect object, location, time, instrument or object of preposition.
42 of 47
How does inflection mark tense and aspect?
Verbs. Event we are talking about in relation to the moment of the utterance.
43 of 47
What are the 3 moods/modals?
Declarative, Interrogative and Imperative.
44 of 47
What is a paradigm?
Consists of all the different inflectional forms of a particular lexeme or class of lexemes.
45 of 47
What is suppletion?
When one or more of the inflected forms of a lexeme is built on a base that bears no relation to the other members of the paradigm. E.g. goes/going/gone...went.
46 of 47
What is syncretism?
When the same form occurs more than once in the paradigm.
47 of 47

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a word?

Back

One or more morphemes that can stand alone in language.

Card 3

Front

What is a lexeme?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Lexeme Formation (derivation)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What can Lexeme Formation do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar English Language resources:

See all English Language resources »See all Morphology resources »