film exam

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  • Created by: hjwicks5
  • Created on: 11-01-18 10:20
The effects of low key lighting:
Social realism, mood, tone, used for artistic reasons
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The effects of high key lighting:
Moral, idealistic reasons, ecodes a characters point of view
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The effects of key and fill lighting:
Documentary realism
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The six modes of documentary style identified by Bill Nichols:
Poetic, Expository, Interactive, Reflexive, Observation, Performance
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Expository mode:
-Doumentaries directly speak to viewers in the form of a voice over which proposes a strong argument and point of view. The films are rhetorical and try to persuade the viewer.
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Expository mode method:
1) The filmmaker explains a topic to an audience. 2) This can be persuasive or simply informative. 3) The audiece is directly adressed by a narrator, voice over or text track, this way an onscreen narrator guides the viewers.
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Observational mode:
fly on the wall style, no interaction with subjects who are being filmed, minimal editing of cut aways, usually hand held camera used.
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Interactive mode:
Film makers are actively involved in the issue. They change the out come of the documentary through their interaction.
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Reflexive mode:
The doumentary is aware of itself as a film, the filmmakers present the limitations, dilemmas and aspects of creating the film. This gives audiences a glimse of difficulties in presenting the truth.
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Verisimilitude
The appearance of something being real or true.
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Realism
This is the artistic attempt to recreate life as accurately and honestly as possible. How is this created? Unscripted dialogue, unstaged action, real people not actors, honest emotion.
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Mediation
The process of filtering, adapting or changing a media text to produce a message. It suggests the 'real' has undergone change.
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What are the processes of mediation?
1) Favouring a particular viewpoint 2) Editing... lots of editing 3) Focusing on a particular characters that present the view point of the film 4) Use of technical features of film making (lighting/ camera angles/ music and sound) 5) Narration
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Authenticity
Something that appears to be both believable and trustworthy.
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How is authenticity achieved?
1) Continuity 2) Realism 3) Avoid techincal film making features 4) erisimilitude 5) Use of witnesses or actual participants
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Representation
The way in which the media portrays particular groups, communities, experiences, ideas or topics from a particular ideological or value perspective.
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Drama Documentary
1) Documentary with a dramatized content 2) Uses conventional documentary techniques (interviews) 3) combines there techiniques with narative techniques such as reconstructions to engage and attract its audiences 4) Verisimilitude
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Docu- Drama
1) Shot in the style of a documentary 2) It uses the same conventions as a documentary 3) Verisimilitude
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Audiences: Key theories
'Hypodermic Syringe' , The cultivation theory, The two step flow theory, Uses and gratifications theory, Reception analysis theory, Encoding and decoding model theory
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The Hypodermic syringe theory
Media is like a syringe, it injects ideas, attitudes and beliefs into a mass audience who are influenced by it. They are seen as passive receivers of information that are conditioned by the media.
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Hypodermic syringe example
if an audience watch something violent, you might feel the urge to go an do something violent. If you see a woman washing up on tv you may want to do some washing up. (*this was used in The Clockwork Orange film)
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Criticisms:
This model is very simplistic and outdated and no longer has much credence amoung researchers and accedemics, though it is still very popular with policy makers because of this simplicity it is easy to explain.
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The cultivation theory:
According to this, while any one media text does not have too much affect, years and years of watching more violence will make you less sensativet to it. Years of watching women being mistreated in soaps will make you less bothered about it.
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The two-step flow:
We need people we trust to validate information presented in the media.The theory calls these people 'opinion leaders'
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Uses and gratifications:
We all have difference uses for the media- we are expecting to get something from it (some kind of gratification.)
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In general researchers found four general kings of gratification:
Pesonal Identitiy Information Entertainment Social interaction and intergration
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Personal Identity:
We may watch tv in order to look for models of behaviour, this helps us to decide what we feel about ourselves and if we agree with thier actions and they succeed
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Integration and social interaction:
Gaining an insight into circumstances of others/ gaining a sense of belonging/ basis for conversation/ connect with family, friends and society
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Entertainment:
Escaping or being diverted from problems/ relaxing/ intrinsic cultural or aesthetic enjoyment/ filling time/ emotional release/ sexual arousal
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Reception analysis:
This is the idea that no text has one simple meaning. The audience themselves help to create the meaning of the text, we all decode the text differently in individual ways.
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Encoding and Decoding model: Stuart Hall
Hall theorised that there were 3 ways to read a text: Preferred, Negotiated and oppositional
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Preferred:
this is the reading which the media producers want the audience to recieve.
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Negotiated:
This is where the audience accept the meaning the media intend for the text but the audience changes some of the intentions to suit their own position.
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Oppositional:
The audience reject the preferred reading of the text and interpret the text in an opposite or different way than intended.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Moral, idealistic reasons, ecodes a characters point of view

Back

The effects of high key lighting:

Card 3

Front

Documentary realism

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Poetic, Expository, Interactive, Reflexive, Observation, Performance

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

-Doumentaries directly speak to viewers in the form of a voice over which proposes a strong argument and point of view. The films are rhetorical and try to persuade the viewer.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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