Families and Households theories
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- Created by: HeavenlyOne_568
- Created on: 01-12-21 09:30
What is functionalism?
Functionalism is the idea that society is split into institutions. These institutions must have a tendency towards equilibrium for society to work harmoniously.
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What is an example of an institution?
-Education
-Places of worship
-NHS/ Health care
-Places of worship
-NHS/ Health care
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What is a nuclear family?
A nuclear family is the traditional family, consisting of a heterosexual couple and two children.
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What is a bean pole family?
A bean pole family consists of two only children that are married with an only child. (No aunts/uncles in any generation)
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What is Social construction?
Something created by society rather than simply a biological or predetermined stage.
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What is extended family?
Parents, Grandparents, children and other relatives.
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What is a reconstituted family?
Two adults from a previous relationship form a new family and both have children from a previous relationship.
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What are Murdock's 4 functions of the family?
1. Sexual
2. Primary Socialisation
3. Reproduction
4. Economic Security
2. Primary Socialisation
3. Reproduction
4. Economic Security
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Explain Murdock's sexual function of the family.
Stable satisfaction of the sex drive. Socially approved context. Usually within the traditional Nuclear family.
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Explain Murdock's Primary Socialisation.
The parents provide Primary socialisation for children. Conditioning them into society's value consensus and collective conscience.
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Explain Murdock's reproduction function of the family.
The family ensures reproduction and provides a stable environment to rear children.
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Explain Murdock's Economic security function for the family.
The family (Specifically the farther) provides food and shelter and all material needs for the family
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What are some limitations of Murdock's reproduction function of the family?
- Not all relationships are heterosexual
- Not all couples want children
- Lone parent families
-Adoption and IVF
- Not all couples want children
- Lone parent families
-Adoption and IVF
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What are some limitations of Murdock's economic security function?
- Women work as well as men
-Lone/Split parents
-unemployment
-Men aren't always the bread winner
-Lone/Split parents
-unemployment
-Men aren't always the bread winner
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Why does Parsons agree that the Nuclear family is the best? Give two reasons.
1. Primary Socialisation
2. The stabilisation of Human Personalities.
2. The stabilisation of Human Personalities.
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What is Primary Socialisation?
Families internalise society's culture in to children. This happens to the point that the culture becomes part of the child's personality.
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What does Parsons mean by the stabilisation of human personalities?
In industrial societies, the need to work and pressure from providing for a family can create stress which could destabilise people.
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Explain Parsons Warm bath theory.
This is the idea that when a man comes home from a long/hard day at work, he could relax into his family, who embrace him. Taking away the stress and refreshing him for the next days work.
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What is a limitation of Parsons warm bath theory?
It is not updated, doesn't take into account
- Women also now work
-Feminist views
-Homosexual relationships
- Both parents working
-Misbehaving children
- Women also now work
-Feminist views
-Homosexual relationships
- Both parents working
-Misbehaving children
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According to Parsons which family is most common in a pre industrial society?
The extended family.
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What are Willmott and Young's three stages that families develop through?
Stage 1 - Pre industrial
Stage 2 - Early industrial
Stage 3 - Privatised nuclear
Stage 2 - Early industrial
Stage 3 - Privatised nuclear
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What is Wilmott and Young's pre-industrial stage?
Work and home are combined.
The family works together as an economic production unit.
The family works together as an economic production unit.
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What is Wilmott and Young's early industrial stage?
Extended family is broken up as individuals (men) leave home to work. Women have strong extended kinship networks.
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What is Wilmott and Youngs Privatised Nuclear stage?
Family become based on consumption not production. Nuclear family focused on relationships and lifestyle. Husbands and wives have joint roles.
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What is Parson's functional fit theory?
The nuclear family fits perfectly within todays society as the functions it carries out are ideally suited to it.
Industrialisation has created the need for families to be Geographically and socially mobile.
Industrialisation has created the need for families to be Geographically and socially mobile.
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What does the functional fit theory ignore?
It ignores multiculturalism and the fact that the extended family is still popular amongst certain social groups.
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What theorists can you use to critique the functional fit theory?
Laslett - pre-industrial families were mainly nuclear
short life expectancy meant that families were hardly extended.
Young and Willmott - Hardships of early IS meant that the EF were needed more than ever.
short life expectancy meant that families were hardly extended.
Young and Willmott - Hardships of early IS meant that the EF were needed more than ever.
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How do feminists view the family?
Like Marxists, feminists take a critical view.
It oppresses women through unequal division of domestic labour and domestic violence that's often suffered. Gender inequality is created by society.
It oppresses women through unequal division of domestic labour and domestic violence that's often suffered. Gender inequality is created by society.
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What do Liberal feminists believe and what studies back this up?
Concerned with campaigning as
- Women's oppression is being gradually overcome
- full equality depends on further reforms
Studies have suggested that men now do more domestic labour and parents are socialising their children equally.
- Women's oppression is being gradually overcome
- full equality depends on further reforms
Studies have suggested that men now do more domestic labour and parents are socialising their children equally.
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What do Marxist feminists argue about the family?
Oppression of women in the family is caused by capitalism.
-reproduce the labour force
-Absorb anger ('Takers of ****')
-reserve army of cheap labour
Oppression is linked to the exploitation of working class.
-reproduce the labour force
-Absorb anger ('Takers of ****')
-reserve army of cheap labour
Oppression is linked to the exploitation of working class.
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What is the Radical feminists view on the family?
All societies founded by patriarchy.
-Men are the enemy
-family and marriage are key institutions in patriarchal system.
Abolish the family through separatism.
-Men are the enemy
-family and marriage are key institutions in patriarchal system.
Abolish the family through separatism.
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What is the view of difference feminists?
Cannot generalise women's experiences as if they are all from a conventional nuclear family.
White feminists neglect black women's experience of racial oppression.
White feminists neglect black women's experience of racial oppression.
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Give a criticism of each feminist view of the family.
Liberal - Overestimates positive change
Marxist - Ignores the role men play in oppression of women.
Radical - Fail to recognise improvements in domestic life.
Difference feminists - fail to recognise that women share many experiences.
Marxist - Ignores the role men play in oppression of women.
Radical - Fail to recognise improvements in domestic life.
Difference feminists - fail to recognise that women share many experiences.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an example of an institution?
Back
-Education
-Places of worship
-NHS/ Health care
-Places of worship
-NHS/ Health care
Card 3
Front
What is a nuclear family?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a bean pole family?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is Social construction?
Back
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