Explanations for Forgetting

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Why do we forget in our LTM (long-term memory)?
We forget due to a problem of accessibility
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What does interference theory argue?
It argues that information of a similar nature gets 'muddled up' in our LTM, making it harder to locate the memories and causes us to experience forgetting.
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What is proactive interference?
It is where an older memory interferes with you remembering a newer memory, such as calling a new boyfriend by an old boyfriends name.
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What is Retroactive Interference?
It is where a newer memory interferes with you remembering a older memory, such as being able to remember your new postcode but not your previous postcode.
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What did Underwood (1957) find from his research on proactive interference?
He found that the level of recall in his list nonsense syllables memory test, where the participants had to recall within the next 24 hours, was much lower than expected. He then realised that this was due to the participants taking part in a previous non
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What did McGeoch and Mcdonald (1931) find from their research on retroactive interference?
They found that the highest number of items recalled was from the sixth group, which had no interferences and was able to just rest, with the mean of numbers being recalled being a 4.5 out of 5. Also, the other 5 groups with interferences recalled less wh
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What is a strength of Interference theory?
Most of the supporting studies, such as Underwood (1957), were done as controlled lab experiments.
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What is a limitation of Interference theory?
Interference is not a complete explanation for forgetting.
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What is Tulving and Thompsons (1973) encoding specificity principle?
It is where memory is most effective if the information that is present at learning is also present at the time of retrieval. So if the cues available at encoding and retrieval are different or absent, there will be some forgetting.
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What is context-dependent retrieval?
It is where being in the same place when retrieving information as you where when you learnt it (environmental cues).
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What did Godden and Baddeley (1975) find in their context-dependent memory study?
They found that the divers that had the same environment during their learning as recall had a higher average compared to the ones that had different environments who had lower averages.
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What is state-dependent retrieval?
It is where being in the same physical state or mood when retrieving information as you were when you learnt it (physiological or psychological cues).
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What did Carter and Cassidy (1998) find in their state-dependent retrieval study?
They found that the participants in the same physical state (drugged or not) at learning and recall did well but those in different states at the time of learning and recall did not, supporting the idea of state dependent retrieval.
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What is a strength of Retrieval Theory?
Goodwin et al (1969) found that heavy drinkers that learn things in a drunken state are more likely to recall them when drunk than when sober.
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What is a limitation of Retrieval theory?
Godden and Baddeley replicated their underwater experiment but used a recognition test, not a recall test. When recognition was tested there was no context-dependent effect, performance was the same in all 4 conditions.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does interference theory argue?

Back

It argues that information of a similar nature gets 'muddled up' in our LTM, making it harder to locate the memories and causes us to experience forgetting.

Card 3

Front

What is proactive interference?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Retroactive Interference?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Underwood (1957) find from his research on proactive interference?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Chelseaty

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I'm going to take this Explanations for Forgetting quiz for my students on splatoon 3 to do.

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