Charles Darwin
1831
Creationist view
Darwins finches- beak shape
Longitudinal study over 5 years
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what is evolution based on?
Natural Selection
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What is natural selection?
The minor variations withing species. survival of the fittest.
Traits better suited to survive more likely to reproduce creating fitter offspring.
Weaker offspring don't reproduce well as they spread weaker genetics
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what is variation?
Theory that individuals in a species all look slightly different to each other
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what is inheritance?
Heritable variation, passed down to offspring.
Offspring resemble parents more than non relatives.
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What is variation?
More young produced than can survive.
Individuals in population vary in characteristics
Genetic difference and mutations
Higher fitness= higher survival
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who was inheritance a problem for?
Darwin and Lamark
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what is natural selection?
nature decides, survival of the fittest
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what is sexual selection?
Trait that results from greater greater mating success and higher fitness
Variation helps competition
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what is punctuated equilibrium?
nature selects traits valued in present time for selection yet these may not be valued by the time theyre expressed
e.g. maze bright vs maze dull rats
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what is evolutionary psychology?
study of how behaviour and cognitive processes can be explained by exploring ancestral advantage of trait
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what is sociobiology?
study of genetic bias of social behaviour
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adaptive problems?
minds designed by hunter ancestors.
avoiding predators eating good food
attracting mates selecting mates forming alliances
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what is evolutionary mismatch?
mechanisms functioning in environments they weren't designed for
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food preferences?
desire for fat/ sugar
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what is insurance hypothesis?
humans protect themselves against food unavailability. increased energy consumption favouring fat storage
colour preference and division of labour
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