How are black people over represented in crime statistics?
They make up 2.8% of the population but 11% of the prison population
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What does this suggest?
The criminal justice system discriminated against ethnic groups
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What do victim surveys indicate about muggings?
Black people are overrepresented as offenders in muggings
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If the victim is not sure of the offender's race, what race are they more likely to put down?
Black
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What did self-report studies indicated?
Black and White people had very similar levels of offending - 43% black 44% white
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What does this suggest?
That it is not because black people are more criminal, but that the criminal justice system discriminates against some minority ethnic groups
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What is a 'canteen culture' in policing?
Police banter may reinforce racial stereotypes
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How much are black people stopped and searched?
7 times more likely than while people
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What does the small number of arrests reflect?
Police discrimination: they are stopping and searching Blacks but not actually arresting the majority of them. - they are not doing anything criminal
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When does the Crown Prosecution Service proceed with a prosecution?
When there is realistic prospect of conviction and whether prosecution is in the public interest
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What races are the CPS more likely to stop?
Cases involving minority ethnic groups
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How does this reflect racial discrimination?
Because the evidence presented to the CPS by the police is often weaker and based on the stereotyping of ethnic minorities as criminals during their stopping and searching investigations
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What are minority ethnic groups more likely to plead?
Not guilty
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What races are more likely to receive a prison sentence and have longer sentences?
Ethnic minority groups
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Who are more likely to be given a custodial sentence and be put on remand having been refused bail?
Black people
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What might the police do to arrest minority ethnic groups?
Coax them into starting fights and shout racial slurs and wait for them to react physically
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Why might Black and Asian people find the courtroom experience daunting?
The majority of them are white
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How might this make it difficult for them to co-operate with the system?
Because they have to go through uncomfortable and humiliating displays of ignorance about their culture and lives
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How might a self-fulfilling prophecy be created?
If the police label an ethnic minority as deviant, and then coax them into retaliating physically because the police can then arrest them for a good reason.
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What do left realists argue?
That official statistics reflect real differences in patterns of offending between ethnic groups; police racism alone cannot explain these differences
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Minority ethnic groups are more likely to experience what?
Relative deprivation
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Why is this?
They see desirable goods in the media but do not have the legitimate means to acquire them
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Why are they also more likely to be marginalised?
They are more likely to experience poverty, unemployment and poor housing.
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What are the likely to do because of being marginalised and experiencing relative deprivation?
turn to delinquent subcultures to deal with it
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Why might black males turn to utilitarian crime?
A means of coping with relative deprivation
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Why might black males turn to non-utilitarian crime?
Because they are taking out their frustration of their marginalisation on others
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Why do left realists not believe police racism alone cannot explain differences in offending?
90% of crimes known to the police are reported by members of the public rather than discovered by police themselves; and police would have to be selective with their racism
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What is a criticism of left realists?
Arrest rates for Asians may be lower than blacks not because they are les likely to offend, but because police stereotypes see groups differently - blacks as dangerous; asians as passive
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does this suggest?
Back
The criminal justice system discriminated against ethnic groups
Card 3
Front
What do victim surveys indicate about muggings?
Back
Card 4
Front
If the victim is not sure of the offender's race, what race are they more likely to put down?
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