Ethnicity and crime

1. The paradox of inclusion (11)
4. Inappropriate discretion has led to both over and underpolicing of certain groups. Police focus their efforts on specific areas/groups e.g. council estates with high population of ethnic minorities (4)
8. He began research as a serving officer in the 1970s and describes the ‘radicalisation’ of policing - routine police work and relationships can take on racial ‘framing’, where people and events are seen in a way that prioritises race when it’s not relevant (8)
9. Police tend to assume that white people are middle class and therefore trustworthy and black people were lower class and criminal. This ‘colour coding’ confuses issues of age, gender, class and race and makes over generalisations about groups ignoring the (8)
10. since the 1990s britain has witnessed a rise in violent youth gangs and associated gang-related street culture. Young people from ethnic minorities have found themselves immobilised at the bottom of the economic ladder and have developed values different (5)

2. A report of the 1981 Brixton riots that broke out spontaneously over built up resentment towards the racist policing. (7)
3. Considers the importance of subculture in explaining crime among young black males and highlights the significance of road culture (6)
5. He sees past race relations as a significant factor for crime saying those from past colonies are more likely to rebel and commit crime. They carry the ‘scars of imperialist violence’ and have developed a culture of resistance (6)
6. Stephen Lawrence, a black british teenager, was unwarrantedly murdered in what was reported as a racially motivated attack. The case was dropped and none of the five suspects were arrested, though after repeated and ongoing campaigning from Stephen’s fami (10)
7. High levels of crime really do exist in inner city areas where there are often high numbers of members of ethnic minorities, and draw attention to the fact that those who live here are the main victims of crime as well. (3, 3, 5)

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