An enzyme is a biological catalyst. Enzymes control reactions in the body. Each enzyme is specific for its substrate, which means it only works with that substrate.
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Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions which occur inside the cells to join substrate molecules together. (1)
DNA replication - One enzyme catalysts the splitting apart (unzipping) of the two DNA strands. A different enzyme catalysts the joining together of bases to make new strands.
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Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions which occur inside the cells to join substrate molecules together. (2)
Each reaction which takes place within transcription and translation in protein synthesis is controlled by a different enzyme.
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Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions outside cells break substrate molecules down into smaller molecules.
Digestive enzymes are secreted into the alimentary canal to break down the large molecules in our food into much smaller ones. The small food molecules can then be absorbed into the body.
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What is the 'Lock and key' hypothesis?
It describes the way that the substrate fits like a 'key' into the active site (the 'lock')
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What does the 'Lock and Key' hypothesis explain?
It explains why enzymes are specific, because only a substrate with the right shape can fit into the active site. The hypothesis also explains how enzyme activity changes in different conditions.
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What is Optimum temperature?
This is when the enzyme is working at its best. Mainly around 37 degrees.
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What happens when enzymes are at a high temperature?
Higher temperatures cause the active site to change shape, so it can't hold the substrate as tightly and the reaction goes more slowly.
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Denatured
At very high temperatures the active site breaks up and the enzyme is denatured.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions which occur inside the cells to join substrate molecules together. (1)
Back
DNA replication - One enzyme catalysts the splitting apart (unzipping) of the two DNA strands. A different enzyme catalysts the joining together of bases to make new strands.
Card 3
Front
Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions which occur inside the cells to join substrate molecules together. (2)
Back
Card 4
Front
Give an example of enzyme-controlled reactions outside cells break substrate molecules down into smaller molecules.
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