Biological catalyst which speed up a chemical reaction yet remain unchanged.
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Chatracteristic of Enzymes?
Catalyse metabolic reactions. Intracellular or extracellular. Globular proteins. Active side with specific shape. Active site is a tertiary structure. Complementary shape of enzyme and molecule.
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What do enzymes do?
They reduce the activation energy so reactions happen at lower temperature so rate of reaction is quicker.
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How activation energy is lowered.
The enzyme-substrate complex join molecules by holding them close together and reducing repulsion. Or they holding them close together and putting a strain on the bond.
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Lock key model?
The idea that a substrate is the exact shape of active site of the enzyme.
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Induced fit?
The idea that the active site changes shape to pack closely together.
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Affect of temperature?
Vibrate more so this can increases collisions as molecules move faster. However the vibrations can break bonds that hold the active site together. Therefore enzyme becomes denatured.
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Affect of pH?
Optimum pH is generally 7 though it varied as in stomach pepsin works best at 2. Though normally it interferes with the ionic and hydrogen bonds causing active site shape to change and become denatured.
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Affect of concentration?
Rate of reaction increases as substrate/enzyme concentration increases until the enzyme/substrate concentration becomes are limiting factos.
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What are coenymes and cofactors?
Cofactors are inorganic molecules that work by helping bind the enzyme and substrate together. Organic molecules that act as carriers moving chemical groups between different enzymes are called coenzymes.
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What do competitive inhibitor do?
Have similar shape to molecule so compete to bind with the active site and block other molecules from binding to enzyme.
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What do non-competitive inhibitor do?
Bind away from active site and alter the shape of the active site.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Chatracteristic of Enzymes?
Back
Catalyse metabolic reactions. Intracellular or extracellular. Globular proteins. Active side with specific shape. Active site is a tertiary structure. Complementary shape of enzyme and molecule.
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