Energy Systems

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  • Created by: JosephPHS
  • Created on: 27-01-23 14:25
Energy
Measured in joules (J)
Capacity to do work
Work = Force X Distance
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Chemical energy
Energy produced by a series of chemical reactions, then made available as kinetic/potential energy
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Kinetic energy
Energy of movement or motion of an object
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Potential energy
Stored energy that has capacity to do work but is not currently doing so
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Mechanical energy
Energy directly produced by forces which do work in moving matter
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Electrical energy
Movement of charged particle
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Power
Rate at which energy is used

Energy (J)
Power = ----------
Time (s)
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ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Made up of adenosine and three phosphate ions
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Energy synthesis from ATP
ATP --> ADP + Pi + Energy

Energy generated is used in work of muscles
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ATP synthesis
Energy + Pi + ADP --> ATP

Energy derived from food fuels
Pi from Phosphocreatine
PC --> Pi + C + energy
The two reactions together are known as a coupled reaction
Enzyme creatine kinase (CK) facilitates coupled reaction
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3 Energy systems
ATP-PC system
Anaerobic Glycolytic/Lactic acid system
Aerobic
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ATP PC system
ATP --> ADP + Pi + Energy
Third 'high energy' bond is broken releasing energy to be used for muscle contraction
Initial ATP stores last for around 3 seconds
PC stores can replenish ATP until around 7-9 second mark
Occurs in the cell cytoplasm
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Anaerobic Glycolytic/Lactic Acid System
Glycogen --> Glucose (glycogen phosphorylase (GPP))
Glucose --> Pyruvate/Pyruvic Acid + 2ATP (phosphofructokinase (PFK))
Pyruvate/Pyruvic acid --> Lactate/Lactic acid (Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH))
Conversion of pyruvate to lactate produces NAD+ in anaerob
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Aerobic System - 3 Components
Glycolysis & Krebs cycle & Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
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Glycolysis
Glycogen --> Glucose (glycogen phosphorylase (GPP))
Glucose --> Pyruvate/Pyruvic Acid + 2ATP (phosphofructokinase (PFK))
2 ATP per 1 Glucose
This is similar to the anaerobic glycolytic system but no production of lactate as conditions are aerobic
Occurs i
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Link reaction
Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA
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Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetic acid --> citric acid
Citric Acid --> C + O2 + 2ATP + 3e- + 2H+
e- + H+ --> H
2 ATP for every 1 Acetyl CoA
4 ATP for every 1 Glucose
Occurs in the fluid filled matrix of mitochondria
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
H --> e- + H+
H+ Ox to produce H2O
e- provides energy for ATP resynthesis
Produces up to 32 ATP
Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Energy produced by a series of chemical reactions, then made available as kinetic/potential energy

Back

Chemical energy

Card 3

Front

Energy of movement or motion of an object

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Stored energy that has capacity to do work but is not currently doing so

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Energy directly produced by forces which do work in moving matter

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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