Endocrine system

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  • Created by: Ebonyc01
  • Created on: 06-02-22 19:31
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is made up of glands and hormones they secrete.
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What is a hormone?
A hormone is a chemical transmitter.
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Where is the pituitary gland located and what is its function?
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is attached to the hypothalamus.
The hormone it regulates help growth, blood pressure and reproduction.
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Where does the growth hormone (GH) come from and what does it do?
GH is produced in the pituitary gland.It's essential for growth and development of bones, muscles and other organs. It also promotes fat destruction.
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What produces adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and what is its function?
It is essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex located on the kidney.
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What is the main role of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Its main role is to help the growth and development of the thyroid gland. It also regulates metabolism.
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What is the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.
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what is the functioning of the luteinizing hormone (LH)?
It stimulates the development of the corpus lute in the female ovarian follicles and the production of testosterone. The yellow corpus lute remains after ovulation: it produces oestrogen and progesterone.
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What does prolactin (PRL) do?
It stimulates the development and growth of the mammary glands (breast) and milk production during pregnancy. The sucking motion of the baby stimulates prolactin secretion.
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What is the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?
It regulates skin pigmentation and promotes the deposit of melanine in the skin after exposure to the skin.
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What is the main function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
It stimulates the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus.
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What is the primary function of oxytocin?
It stimulates the uterus to contract during labour, delivery and parturition (giving birth). A synthetic version of this hormone is induced labor is called pitocin. It also stimulates the mammary glands (breast) to release milk.
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What is the pineal gland and where is it situated?
It is situated in the centre of the brain. The main function of it is to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin.
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What is the function of melatonin?
It communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body. It has some effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower production of gastric secretions at night.
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What is the primary function of serotonin?
It is a neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger and metabolism.
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What is the role of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates the body's metabolic processes.
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What is calcitonin?
It influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains a homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma.
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Where is the parathyroid located and what does it do?
The two parathyroid glands are located on the dorsal or back side of the thyroid gland. They secrete (PTH) which plays a role in the metabolism of phosphorus. Too little results in cramping; osteoporosis or kidney stones.
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What are the islets of langerhans?
The islets of langerhans are small clusters of cells located in the pancreas.
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What secretions are from the islets of langerhans?
Alpha cells facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. This elevates the blood sugar.
Delta cells suppress the release of the glucagon and insulin.
Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin, which is essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugar
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What are the adrenal glands?
They are triangular shaped. The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney. The inside Medulla and the outside layer is called the cortex.
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What is cortisol?
It regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism; it has an anti-inflammatory effect. It helps the body cope during times of stress.
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What is corticosterone?
Like cortisol, is a steroid; it influences potassium and sodium metabolism.
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What is the primary function of aldosterone?
It is essential in regulating electrolyte and water balance by promoting sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion.
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Describe the function of androgens.
Androgens are several hormones including testosterone. They promote the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male.
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What is the adrenal medulla?
It's located in the inner part of an adrenal gland. It controls hormones that initiate the flight or fight response. The mai. hormones main secreted by the adrenal medulla include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). They both have
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What is dopamine?
It is used to treat shock. It dilates the arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output and increases urinary output.
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What is the function of epinephrine?
Epinephrine is also called adrenalin. It elevates systolic blood pressure, increases heart rate and cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose from the liver giving a spurt of energy. It also dilates the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways and dilat
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Describe the function of norepinephrine.
Norepinephrine, like epinephrine, is released when the body is under stress. It creates the underlying influence in the fight or flight response. As a drug it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.
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Cortisol is a steroid hormone, describe its function.
When released into the bloodstream, cortisol can acton many different parts of the body and can help: the body responds to stress or danger. Increase the body's metabolism of glucose and control blood pressure.
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What hormones does the ovaries produce and what are the functions?
The ovaries produce several oestrogen hormones and progesterone. These hormones prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands (breast), play a role in sex drive and develop secondary sex characteristics in the female. Oestrog
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What is the function of the testes?
The testes produce the male sex hormone called testosterone. It is essential for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs. testosterone for the erection of the penis.
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What is the function of the placenta?
During pregnancy, the placenta serves as an endocrine gland. It produces chorionic gonadotropin hormone, oestrogen and progesterone.
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What is gastrointestinal mucosa?
The mucosa of the pyloric area of the stomach secretes the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the production of gastric acid for digestion. The mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum secretes the hormone secretin, which stimulates pancreatic juice, bile an int
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What is the thymus?
The thymus gland has two lobes and is part of the lymphatic system. It is a ductless gland and secretes thymosin. This is necessary for the thymus, normal production of T cells for the immune system.
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Card 4

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Where does the growth hormone (GH) come from and what does it do?

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Card 5

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