there are two types of signal in electronic systems:
analogue signals have an infinite range of values between the minimum and maximum points. digital signals are either on or off, and are usually represented by a 0 for off and a 1 for on.
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integrated circuit (IC)
also known as microchips, ICs are capable of performing specific tasks. there are many different types of IC. a programmable IC is called a micro controller. ICs come in all different shapes and sizes. most come in dual in line (DIL) package.
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microcontroller IC
a microcontroller IC is known as a peripheral interface controller (PIC). these programmable ICs are very adaptable. they can be programmed to perform multiple processes. this reduces the amount of components needed to perform a task.
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programming a PIC
a PICs functions are controlled by a program or code that is received via a download cable. specialist software enables the program graphically as a flowchart. it can also be written in a coding language such as BASIC.
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digital or analogue inputs?
when programming PICs, the type of input required will need to be considered. switches are input components that give a digital signal. components such as thermistors, LDRs and microphones require and analogue input.
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using analogue sensors
PICs cannot process the infinite range of values that analogue inputs provide so it is divided into smaller parts. analogue inputs divide a signal in to 256 equal sections. the range is labelled 0 to 255.
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output components
buzzers and speakers produce sound. buzzers normally give out a set frequency meaning they are good for system alerts. speakers have a broader frequency range and are used for speech and audio.
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monostable device
the single pulse produced is triggered by a switch or sensor. the length of the pulse can be varied by changing the delay time. monostable devices are used for timing how long events occur such as an automatic door opening and shutting.
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astable device
the stream of pulses produced are oscillating and constant. one cycle is the time (t) a single pulse takes to go from 0 (off) to 1 (on) and back to 0. the speed of the pulses is know as the frequency and measured in hertz (Hz).
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counting
PICs can be programmed to count up and down, and can take over the roles of many traditional ICs. popular counters include the decade counter (4017) which has 10 outputs and counts up or down one on each pulse.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
analogue signals have an infinite range of values between the minimum and maximum points. digital signals are either on or off, and are usually represented by a 0 for off and a 1 for on.
Back
there are two types of signal in electronic systems:
Card 3
Front
also known as microchips, ICs are capable of performing specific tasks. there are many different types of IC. a programmable IC is called a micro controller. ICs come in all different shapes and sizes. most come in dual in line (DIL) package.
Back
Card 4
Front
a microcontroller IC is known as a peripheral interface controller (PIC). these programmable ICs are very adaptable. they can be programmed to perform multiple processes. this reduces the amount of components needed to perform a task.
Back
Card 5
Front
a PICs functions are controlled by a program or code that is received via a download cable. specialist software enables the program graphically as a flowchart. it can also be written in a coding language such as BASIC.
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