Education: Topic 6

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  • Created by: Ashley2K
  • Created on: 19-05-17 13:57
What did the 1944 Education Act introduce?
The tripartite system, so called because children were selected and allocated to three different types of secondary school supposedly according to their aptitudes and abilities identified by the 11+ exam.
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What were the three types of school of the tripartite system?
1. Grammar schools: had an academic curriculum and access to non-manual jobs and higher education 2. Secondary modern: offered a non-academic 'practical' curriculum and access to manual work 3. Technical schools: very rare.
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What two types of inequality did the tripartite system promote?
It promoted class inequality by channeling the two social classes into two different types of school offering unequal opportunities. It also promoted gender inequality as the system required girls to gain higher marks than boys in the 11+ for grammar
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When was the comprehensive school system first introduced?
1965 and onwards.
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What did the comprehensive school system aim to do?
It aimed to overcome the class divide of the tripartite system and make education more meritocratic. The 11+ was abolished along with grammars and secondary moderns, to be replaced by a comprehensive all students would attend.
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What do functionalists argue comprehensives promote?
They argue comprehensives promote social integration by bringing children of different social classes together in one school, however studies have shown that there was little social mixing between working-class and middle-class pupils, largely as a
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What do functionalists argue comprehensives promote? (2)
result of streaming. They also argue it promotes meritocracy.
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Why do Marxists argue that comprehensives are not meritocratic?
They argue they instead reproduce class inequality from one generation to the next through the continuation of the practice of streaming and labelling. They continue to deny working-class children equal opportunity.
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What does the marketisation of education refer to?
The marketisation of education refers to the process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into education.
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How can the marketisation of education be created?
By reducing direct state control over education and increasing both competition between schools and parental choice of school.
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When did marketisation first become a central theme of government education policy?
In 1988 led by the Education Reform Act proposed by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher.
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Give three examples of policies that promote marketisation.
1. Schools having to compete to attract pupils 2. Schools being allowed to opt out of local authority control, e.g. to become academies 3. Open enrollment, allowing successful schools to recruit more pupils
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What is parentocracy?
Parentocracy is the result of marketised education that transfers power from the producers (teachers and schools) onto the consumers (parents) encouraging diversity among schools, giving parents more choice and raising standards.
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What is cream-skimming?
'Good' schools have the ability to be more selective, choose their own customers and recruit high achieving, mainly middle-class pupils. As a result, these pupils gain an advantage.
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What is silt-shifting
'Good' schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the school's league table position.
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What are privileged-skilled choosers?
Mainly professional, middle-class parents who use their economic and cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children. Being well-educated and confident they are able to take full advantages of the choices open to them.
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What are disconnected-local choosers?
Working class parents whose choices are restricted by their lack of economic and cultural capital.
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Why does Gewirtz believe that parentocracy is a myth?
He believes that middle-class parents are able to take better advantage of the choices available, as they have the economic capital to be able to afford to move into catchment areas of more desirable schools. Essentially reproducing class inequality.
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What are academies?
From 2010, schools were encouraged to leave local authority control and become academies. Academies control their own budget and curriculum.
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What are free schools?
Although funded by the state, free schools are set up and run by parents, teachers, faith organisations or businesses rather than the local authority.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the three types of school of the tripartite system?

Back

1. Grammar schools: had an academic curriculum and access to non-manual jobs and higher education 2. Secondary modern: offered a non-academic 'practical' curriculum and access to manual work 3. Technical schools: very rare.

Card 3

Front

What two types of inequality did the tripartite system promote?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When was the comprehensive school system first introduced?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the comprehensive school system aim to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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