Social positions that are earned due to personal talents or individual merit.
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Agency of socialisation
a social group or institution (in this case a school) responsible for socialising people to the norms and values of society.
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Ascribed Status
Social positions that are fixed at birth and unchanging over time. This includes any titles that link to family backgrounds (hereditary) such as, Princess or Lord.
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Authority
when a person has power based on consent or agreement.
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Capitalism
an economic system in which private owners invest money in businesses in order to make money.
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Cultural Deprivation
this is said to happen when children's backgrounds do not provide them with the necessary cultural resources (e.g. encouragement from their parents or visits to museums) to perform well at school.
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Cycle of deprivation
the idea that deprivation and poverty are passed on from parents to their children.
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Function
the role that a social structure such as the education system fulfils on behalf of individuals or society.
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Hidden Curriculum
things learnt in school that are not formally taught such as valuing punctuality or obedience.
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Hierarchy
a hierarchy is shaped like a layered pyramid and each layer has more power than the one below it. In schools, for example, the head teacher is typically at the top of the hierarchy and the pupils are at the bottom.
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Labelling
the process of attaching a label to individuals or groups.
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Marketisation of Education
the policy of bringing market forces, such as competition, into education.
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Material deprivation
the lack of material resources such as money
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Meritocracy
a system in which an individual's social position is achieved on the basis of their abilities and talents rather than on the basis of their social origins and background.
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Norms
these define appropriate and expected behaviour in particular social contexts.
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Official curriculum
the formal learning that takes place in schools
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School ethos
the climate or character of a school including its policies on behaviour, homework, uniform and discipline.
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Selective education
A way of recruiting pupils to a school, based on a form of selection. For example, an entrance exam or their parents ability to pay for the school fees.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
this occurs when a teacher makes a below average prediction (prophecy) about a pupils likely performance or potential and it becomes true due to them not being believed in or believing that they could do better.
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Streaming
Pupils are grouped according to their general ability and then taught in this group for all of their subjects.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a social group or institution (in this case a school) responsible for socialising people to the norms and values of society.
Back
Agency of socialisation
Card 3
Front
Social positions that are fixed at birth and unchanging over time. This includes any titles that link to family backgrounds (hereditary) such as, Princess or Lord.
Back
Card 4
Front
when a person has power based on consent or agreement.
Back
Card 5
Front
an economic system in which private owners invest money in businesses in order to make money.
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