Drug Therapy

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  • Created by: FatCat3
  • Created on: 21-02-23 17:44
what are antipsychotics?
A chemical treatment prescribed through tablets, intravenous means or both
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what are antipsychotic treatments based on?
the dopamine hypothesis and assume schizophrenia and dopamine are linked
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what cabana antipsychotics do?
helps the individual improve their functioning and well being
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what can they do (in a form of a limitation)?
only alleviate symptoms to make degree of functioning normal for schizophrenics, it doesn't completely cure schizophrenia
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what do typical antipsychotics combat?
they are used to combat positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations
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what is an example of a typical antipsychotic?
what are drugs like this referred to?
chlorpromazine
dopamine antagonists
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what is the basic function of these typical antipsychotics?
to reduce or block effects of dopamine and reduce symptoms of s
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how do these work?
bind to dopamine receptors particularly D2 receptors, reducing their actions and not reducing stimulation in the mesolimbic system in the brain, this then eliminates the positive symptoms experiences by sufferers as dopamine is blocked in -
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synapses and normalises neurotransmission by ensuring postsynaptic cells relieve less and cant be effected by dopamine
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what do atypical antipsychotics combat?
positive symptoms alongside negative symptoms
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what is an example of an typical antipsychotic?
clozapine
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what do atypical antipsychotics tackle?
not only do they tackle dopamine but also serotonin and glutamate receptors
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how do atypical antipsychotics work?
they temporarily occupy the D2 receptors and then rapidly disassociate from the receptors ti allow normal dopamine distribution meaning receptors still receive dopamine but in smaller amounts
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what have atypical antipsychotics supposedly lowered levels of?
Tardive dyskinesia- involuntary repetitive movements that is caused from long term or high dosage typical antipsychotics
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what is the effect of tardive dyskinesia?
causes ppl to be tardive- meaning dyskinesia continues or appears after the drugs are no longer taken
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what are 3 main differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics?
1. atypicals have less risk of extrapyramidal (an area of the brain- particularly the motor function) side effects such T.D
2. research has indicated that atypicals have a beneficial effect of negative symptoms
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3. atypicals are sutibaale for a treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients, that is they are more likely to work when typicals have failed
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name the evaluations of typical antipsychotics
-Kapur et al estimates that 60-70% of D2 receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway must be blocked for typical As to work to be effective, but for this to work a similar number of D2 receptors in other areas of the brain must also-
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-be blocked which leads to side effects such was T.D, this becomes the reason a patient stops taking their medication, plus the amount of dopamine blockers can be harmful
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name the evaluations for the atypical antipsychotics
+tends to not cause movement problems found with A.A., decreases chances of T.D, Jesse et al found 30% T.D for patients on T.A but 5% on A.A (-still not completely side effect free was it can also cause diabetes/cardiac arrest)
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-claims A more effective at treating s but Leucht et al conducted a meta analysis of antipsychotics and found that only 2 of the A.A drugs were only slightly more effect then T.A (+little evidence that A.A are good at treating negative symptoms)
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what are the general evaluations
+drug therapy effective in reducing symptoms esp positive symptoms, relatively cheap to produce, easy to administrate, positive effects on many sufferers
+drug more effe then placebos, leech et al found-
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-patients then remained on their antipsychotic medication were only 27% likely to relapse compared to 64% for those given a placebo, good at preventing relapses
-only palliative meaning that they only treat the-
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-symptoms of schizophrenia and do not offer a cure, if patients stop taking their medication, their schizophrenia will return, those from a psychodynamic perdpecitvce argue that a the drugs treat the symptoms of illness but not cause-
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-thus leads to a 'revolving door phenomenon', in which patients are constantly discharges and readmitted to the hospital, they take medication, feel better, assume they are cured, stop taking them, get ill again and need to be hospitalised
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-ethical issue w antipsychotic drugs, if side effects, death, and social consequences are taken into account, a cat benefit approach would probably be negative, in US a large out of court settlement was awarded to a T.D sufferer with the help of the Human
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Card 2

Front

what are antipsychotic treatments based on?

Back

the dopamine hypothesis and assume schizophrenia and dopamine are linked

Card 3

Front

what cabana antipsychotics do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what can they do (in a form of a limitation)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what do typical antipsychotics combat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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