Long, linear DNA molecules are wound around proteins called hi stones and then coil up to form compact chromosomes stored in nucleus
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How is DNA stored as chromosomes in prokaryotes?
DNA molecules are shorter and circular. They condense by supercoilng and aren’t associated with histone proteins
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What are genes?
Genes are base sequence of DNA hat code for a polypeptide or a functional RNA
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Wat is a codon??
A sequence of 3 DNA bases, a triplet, that codes for one amino acid in a polypeptide
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What is a genome?
The complete set of genes in the cell. A proteome is the full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce
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Does nuclear DNA in eukaryotes code for polypeptides?
No. Only the exons code for amino acids.
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What are introns?
A type of non coding dna and interrupts the sequence of genes
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What are allels?
Different versions of the same gene. Alleles coding for the same characteristic are found in the same post on (locus) on each chromosome in a homologous pair
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What is MRNA?
messenger rna. Made of a single polynucleotide stand. Corresponds to the genetic sequences of a gene
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What is tRNA?
Transfer rna. Made of a single polynucleotide strand folded into a clover shape. It is an adapter molecule
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What is transcription?
It is the first stage of protein synthesis and involves the production of mRNA copy of a gene from DNA
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What is the process of transcription?
DNA strands. Separate and the enzyme RNA polymerase lines up freeing RNA nucleotides and joins them together to form an mRNA strand
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What is the difference between transcription in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
In prokaryotes result sin the direct production of mRNA from DNA. Eukaryotes produces pre mRNA
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What does pre-mRNA contain?
Introns. These no coding introns are removed by splicing to form mRNA leaving only exons in mRNA
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What is translation?
The second stage of protein synthesis in which amino acids are joined together by ribosomes to make a polypeptide strand (protein) based on the order of codons in mRNA
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What do tRNA molecules carry?
Amino acids to the ribosomes during translation
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Why is ATP needed?
To provide energy for the bond formation between amino acids and the tRNA molecule to form, allowing the tRNA to carry the amino acid during translation
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What is the genetic code?
It is universal (same base pairs code for same amino acids). It is non-overlapping (codons dont share triplets) and degenerate (more combinations of triplets than amino acids)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How is DNA stored as chromosomes in prokaryotes?
Back
DNA molecules are shorter and circular. They condense by supercoilng and aren’t associated with histone proteins
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